Abstract
Asymmetric blockage of drainage systems occasionally occurs, which seriously threatens the safety of tunnel operation. Based on theoretical analysis, a calculation expression of tunnel water inflow involving clogging parameters was derived. Degradation of the analytical solution was analysed with the Taylor equation and series expansion theorem, and a tunnel under construction was considered to conduct field tests to verify the rationality of the established model and correctness of the derived expression. Studies have demonstrated that with increasing drainage system blockage degree, the amount of water inflow in the non-blocked area slowly increases, and the total amount of water in the tunnel gradually decreases. The hydrodynamic pressure in the blocked area non-linearly decreased, and the water inrush velocity and hydraulic gradient in the non-blocked area gradually increased. When the drainage system was not blocked, the result of tunnel water inflow calculated by the formula derived in this paper was 8.3% higher than the measured value. When the drainage system was blocked, the theoretical water inflow was 10.5% higher than the measured value. The difference between the measured value and the theoretical value is small, which verifies the effectiveness of the calculation formula of water inflow deduced in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- H :
-
Total head
- P :
-
Pore water pressure
- y :
-
Position head
- r 0 :
-
Radius of the inner edge of the secondary lining
- r 1 :
-
Radius of the outer edge of the secondary lining
- r 2 :
-
Radius of the outer edge of the initial support
- r g :
-
Radius of the outer edge of the grouting ring
- k e :
-
Permeabilities of the secondary lining
- k c :
-
Permeabilities of the initial support
- k g :
-
Permeabilities of the grouting reinforcement ring
- k r :
-
Permeabilities of the surrounding rock
- γ w :
-
Specific gravity of water
- H 0 :
-
Hydraulic head of the groundwater level line
- h 1 :
-
Hydraulic head of the outer edge of the secondary lining
- h 2 :
-
Hydraulic head of the outer edge of the inner edges
- h g :
-
Hydraulic head of the outer edge of the grouting ring
- h D :
-
Hydrodynamic head at the inner edge of the secondary lining
References
Cao Y, Jiang J, Xie KH, et al. (2014) Analytical solutions for nonlinear consolidation of soft soil around a shield tunnel with idealized sealing linings. Comput Geotech 61: 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.05.014
Chen Y, Cui Y, Barrett AG, et al. (2019) Investigation of calcite precipitation in the drainage system of railway tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 84:45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.10.021
Chena JS, Liub CW, Liaob CM (2002) A novel analytical power series solution for solute transport in a radially convergent flow field. J Hydrol 266(1):120–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00119-1
Cheng P, Li L, Zou JF, et al. (2013) Determination method for water discharge of tunnel based on the ecological water requirement of vegetation. J China Rail Way Soc 35(07): 107–113. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2013.07.018
Fang Q, Wang XF, Sun C (2017) A shape-based method using fourier series with a hybrid low-thrust propulsion system. J Northwestern Polytech Univ 35(05): 761–766. (In Chinese)
Galan I, Baldermann A, Kusterle W, et al. (2019) Durability of shotcrete for underground support-review and update. Constr Build Mater 202: 465–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.151
Huangfu M, Wang MS, Tan ZS, et al. (2010) Analytical solutions for steady seepage into an underwater circular tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 25(4): 391–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.02.002
Jiang YJ, Li B, Yang QX, et al. (2020) Discussion on influence of working capacity of drainage system on water pressure acting on tunnel lining. J China Rail Way Soc 42(12): 179–185. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2020.12.023
Joo EJ, Shin JH (2014) Relationship between water pressure and inflow rate in underwater tunnels and buried pipes. Geotechnique 64(3): 226–231. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.P.185
Jung HS, Han YS, Chung SR, et al. (2013) Evaluation of advanced drainage treatment for old tunnel drainage system in Korea. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 38: 476–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.08.004
Kim KH, Park NH, Kim HJ, et al. (2020) Modelling of hydraulic deterioration of geotextile filter in tunnel drainage system. Geotext Geomembr 48(2): 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.11.008
Kolymbas D, Wagner P (2007) Groundwater ingress to tunnels-The exact analytical solution. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 22(1): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.02.001
Kong XY (2003) Advanced Seepage Mechanics. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press. (In Chinese)
Li L, Chen HH, Li JP, et al. (2021) A semi-analytical solution to steady-state groundwater inflow into a circular tunnel considering anisotropic permeability. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 116: 104115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104115
Li LY, Yang JS, Gao C, et al. (2021) Simulation tests on structural deformation and seepage field of high-speed railway tunnels under drainage clogging. Chin Geotech Eng 43(04): 715–724. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE202104014
Li XH, Zhang QS, Zhang X, et al. (2018) Detection and treatment of water inflow in karst tunnel: A case study in Daba tunnel. J Mt Sci 15(7): 1585–1596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-4919-0
Liu XR, Liu K, Zhong ZL, et al. (2017) Analytical study on seepage field of the deep tunnel with asymmetric blocked drainage system. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 36(5): 1088–1100. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.0955
Nam SW, Bobet A (2006) Liner stresses in deep tunnels below the water table. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 21(6): 626–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.11.004
Shen DW, Fan TY (2003) Exact solutions of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in a strip. Eng Fract Mech Engineering Fracture Mechanics 70(6): 813–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00083-8
Simha K, Mohapatra SS. (1998) Stress concentration around irregular holes using complex variable method. Sadhana 23(4): 393–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02745750
Strmsvik H, Gammelster B (2020) Investigation and assessment of pre-grouted rock mass. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79(5): 2543–2560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01722-9
Tao XL, Ma JR, Zeng W (2015) Treatment effect investigation of underground continuous impervious curtain application in water-rich strata. Int J Min Sci Technol 25(6): 975–981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2015.09.015
Tran NH, Do DP, Hoxha D (2017) A closed-form hydromechanical solution for deep tunnels in elastic anisotropic rock. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 22(12): 1429–1445. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1285253
Tian Y, Chen WZ, Tian HM, et al. (2020) Study on design of buffer layer yielding support considering time-effect weakening of soft rock strength. Rock Soil Mech 41(S1): 237–245. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2019.0774
Wu Z, Cui Y, Barrett AG, et al. (2019) Role of surrounding soils and pore water in calcium carbonate precipitation in railway tunnel drainage system. Transp Geotech 21: 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.100257
Yan CL, Ding DX, Bi ZW, et al. (2005) Viscoelastic mechanical analysis of the stability of surrounding rock in deep tunnels. J Guizhou Univ Tech: Nat Sci Ed 34(3): 125–129. (In Chinese)
Ye F, Tian CM, He B, et al. (2021) Experimental study on scaling and clogging in drainage system of tunnels under construction. China J Highw Transp 34(03): 159–170. (In Chinese)
Ying HW, Zhu CW, Gong XN (2016) Analytic solution on seepage field of underwater tunnel considering grouting reinforcement ring. J Zhejiang Univ (Eng Sci) 50(6): 1018–1023. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2016.06.002
Zhai YF (2003) Seepage Mechanics. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press.
Zhang XF, Zhou YF, Zhang B, et al. (2018) Investigation and analysis on crystallization of tunnel drainage pipes in Chongqing. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2018: 7042693. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7042693
Zhao X, Yang X (2019) Experimental study on water inflow characteristics of tunnel in the fault fracture zone. Arab J Geosci 12(13): 399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4561-3
Zhou FX, Mu ZL, Yang RX, et al. (2021) Analytical analysis on the expansion of cylindrical cavity in unsaturated soils under different drainage conditions. ChinJ Theor Appl Mech 53(05): 1496–1509. (In Chinese)
Acknowledgements
This paper was sponsored by the Research Project on the Damage Mechanism and Performance Recovery of Carbon Phyllite in the Basement of High-Speed Railway Tunnels in Cold Regions (51978668) and the Key Technology of Green Construction of the Hongtu Extra Tunnel (DFH (201904) ys1-001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fu, Hl., An, Pt., Wu, Ym. et al. Influence of asymmetric blockage of the drainage system of a deep-buried tunnel on water gushing. J. Mt. Sci. 19, 2075–2085 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-7203-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-7203-7