Abstract
Intramuscular long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) play an important role in energy production and initiation of mitochondrial oxidation of lipids. Herein, we report a natural porcine placenta steroid extract (PPSE) that stimulates transdifferentiation and lipid accumulation in bovine myogenic satellite cells (MSCs). The steroids hormones in PPSE were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and presence of LCFA was established using gas chromatography. At 70 % confluent growth, cells were treated with PPSE, LCFAs, transdifferentiation cocktail and commercially available steroid hormones. The working concentrations of all chemicals were manipulated similar to PPSE. The cells were observed for morphological changes and subjected to quantitative analysis of lipid deposition on Days 2, 4, and 6 of treatment. PPSE-treated MSCs exclusively transformed into lipid-accumulated adipose-like cells (ALCs). However, myotubes or adipocytes were formed in cells treated with other chemicals. Expression of different genes was studied to ascertain the molecular mechanism involved in ALC formation. CD36, fatty acid binding protein 4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma were up-regulated. The expression of CD36 was established through immunocyto-chemical analysis. A viability assay was used to confirm the effect of PPSE on proliferation of MSCs. Hence, a natural steroid extract from porcine was found as a nontoxic mixture, which induces lipid accumulation and transdifferentiation of MSCs to ALCs. From the gene expression studies, it was established that the extract works almost in homogenous manner with other lipid inducers.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the BioGreen 21 Program (project no. PJ 907099), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST; no. 2008-0060-480). All research materials used in this study were provided by the Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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Editor: T. Okamoto
Eun Ju Lee and Majid Rasool Kamli equally contributed to this work.
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Lee, E.J., Kamli, M.R., Bhat, A.R. et al. Effect of porcine placenta steroid extract on myogenic satellite cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, and lipid accumulation. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal 48, 326–333 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-012-9512-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-012-9512-1