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Ein Experiment zum Einfluss der Situation auf physische und psychische Nähe

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Zusammenfassung

In einem Experiment (N = 90) wurde der Einfluss situativer Bedingungen auf den Sitzabstand und auf die per Fragebogen erfasste subjektiv erlebte Nähe zu einer anderen Person überprüft. Es wurden eine Kooperationsbedingung, eine neutrale Bedingung und eine Wettbewerbsbedingung realisiert. Es zeigte sich, dass die neutrale Bedingung die geringste räumliche Nähe hervorrief, während die Kooperationsbedingung die höchste emotionale Nähe auslöste. Zur Interpretation wird die Annahme vertreten, dass die neutrale Bedingung sich von der Wettbewerbsbedingung darin unterscheidet, dass sie von den Probanden als irrelevant empfunden wird und dadurch keine Aufmerksamkeitszuwendung auf die andere Person auslöst. Weiterhin wird angenommen, dass emotionale Nähe das Ergebnis von positiver Atmosphäre und Relevanz der Interaktion ist. Eine weitere Fragestellung bezog sich auf den Zusammenhang zwischen (geringem) Sitzabstand und emotionaler Nähe, der in Übereinstimmung mit Studien zur Einstellungs-Verhaltens-Konsistenz relativ gering ausfiel.

Abstract

The influence of the social situation on the physical distance and, as measured by a questionnaire, emotional intimacy between participants was experimentally studied (N = 90) in a cooperative, a competitive, and a neutral social situation. Results indicate that the physical distance was greatest under neutral conditions. The cooperative condition produced the strongest feeling of intimacy. It is argued that the neutral condition is irrelevant to the participants’ behaviour and level of attention to other persons. Further, intimacy can only arise if an interaction is both positive and relevant. The correlation between physical and emotional distance turned out to be relatively small, in accordance with the range usually given for attitudebehaviour correlations.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Soziologie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany

    Ina Grau

  2. Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany

    Hans-Werner Bierhoff

Authors
  1. Ina Grau
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  2. Hans-Werner Bierhoff
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Correspondence to Ina Grau.

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PD Dr. Ina Grau, Dipl. Psych., Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Soziologie, Lehrstuhl Sozialpsychologie, Prof. Dr. Hans-Werner Bierhoff, Dipl. Psych., Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Psychologie, Lehrstuhl Sozialpsychologie

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Grau, I., Bierhoff, HW. Ein Experiment zum Einfluss der Situation auf physische und psychische Nähe. Gruppendynamik 33, 437–450 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-002-0037-z

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