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The pH of Cement-based Materials: A Review

  • Cementitious Materials
  • Published:
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cement-based materials (CBMs), such as paste, mortar and concrete, are highly alkaline with an initial high pH of approximately 12.0 to 13.8. CBMs have a high pH due to the existing oxide mineral portlandite and alkali metal contents in Portland cement. The high pH of concrete provides excellent protection and reinforces the steel bars against corrosion. The pH of concrete does not remain constant due to ageing and other defect-causing factors, such as chloride ingress, alkali leaching, carbonation, corrosion, acid attack, moisture and biodegradation process. Reducing the concrete pH has negative impact on the strength, durability and service life of concrete buildings. However, the high pH of concrete may also cause concrete structure deterioration, such as alkali silica reaction, porosity and moisture related damages in concrete structures. The pH of CBMs can be influenced by high temperatures. For instance, the extremely high volume (85%–100%) of slag-blended cement pastes shows considerable pH reduction from 12.80 to 11.34 at 800 °C. As many concrete structure deterioration are related to concrete pH, using an accurate and reliable method to measure pH and analyse the durability of reinforced concrete structure based on pH values is extremely important. This study is a comprehensive review of the pH of CBM in terms of measurement, limitations and varying values for different CBM types.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yousuf Sumra & Ibrahim Zainah

  2. Department of Building and Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

    Yousuf Sumra

  3. Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shafigh Payam

  4. Center for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shafigh Payam

Authors
  1. Yousuf Sumra
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  2. Shafigh Payam
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  3. Ibrahim Zainah
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shafigh Payam or Ibrahim Zainah.

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Funded by University of Malaya (No. GPF015A-2018)

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Sumra, Y., Payam, S. & Zainah, I. The pH of Cement-based Materials: A Review. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 35, 908–924 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-020-2337-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-020-2337-y

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