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Chemical spray deposited SnO2:MoO3 composite thin films for visible light photocatalytic dye degradation application

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Abstract

In this work, tin oxide (SnO2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and SnO2: MoO3 composite thin films were prepared using the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicate the formation of a tetragonal phase for SnO2, an orthorhombic phase for MoO3 and a blend phase of SnO2 and MoO3 composites. The prepared SnO2, MoO3 and SnO2: MoO3 composite thin films possess a crystallite size ranging from 29.42 to 27.04 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies reveal the presence of basic vibrational modes of Sn–O and Mo–O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis declares that tin and molybdenum ions exist in the Sn4+ and Mo6+ electronic states, respectively. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) investigation demonstrates enhanced SnO2, MoO3, and the SnO2:MoO3 composite morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies were employed to perform elemental composition analysis of Sn, Mo and O in the composite thin films. The average transmittance varies between 35 and 80% in the wavelength range of 300—1100 nm. The prepared films revealed a red shift of the absorption edge and a remarkable improvement in visible light absorption at a wavelength region of 400 to 500 nm. For visible light photocatalytic performance, the band edge potential calculation for SnO2 (3.35 eV), MoO3 (2.21 eV) and SnO2: MoO3 (3.25 eV) composite thin films was performed, which shows the presence of a defect energy level. A photoluminescence (PL) study reveals the electron–hole pair recombination and oxygen vacancy defects. The SnO2: MoO3 composite thin films exhibit a better photocatalytic efficiency of 92% for methylene blue dye (MB) using visible light illumination. The obtained results indicate that composite photocatalyst is a promising material (i.e., band edge potential, reduced electron pair recombination, vacancy defects) to remove organic contaminants from wastewater in the environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors, KA and RR, would like to gratefully acknowledge the National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education (NCPRE) at IIT Bombay, funded by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, for providing a major characterization facility for FESEM, XPS measurement. The author RR gratefully acknowledges MOE-RUSA 2.0 physical sciences for departmental financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crystal Growth and Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil nadu, India

    K. Arjunan & R. Ramesh Babu

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  1. K. Arjunan
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  2. R. Ramesh Babu
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Contributions

A. Conceptualization, methodology, software: K. Arjunan

B. Data Curation, Writing-Original draft preparation: K. Arjunan

C. Visualization, Investigation: K. Arjunan

D. Supervision: R. Ramesh Babu

E. Software, Validation: K. Arjunan

F. Writing-receiving and editing: K. Arjunan & R. Ramesh Babu

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Correspondence to R. Ramesh Babu.

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Arjunan, K., Ramesh Babu, R. Chemical spray deposited SnO2:MoO3 composite thin films for visible light photocatalytic dye degradation application. Ionics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05563-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05563-9

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