Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Proton ion-conducting polymer electrolytes added with SiO2 nanoparticles: conductivity, dielectric, relaxation, and physical studies

  • Research
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, a proton-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte system based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing ammonium acetate (NH4CH3CO2) salt and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles is prepared using standard solution casting technique. Conductivity, dielectric, and modulus properties of prepared electrolyte films show significant changes in electrochemical behavior on varying SiO2 concentration. The optimized polymer electrolyte film with 10 wt% of SiO2 filler shows ionic conductivity of ~ 5.1 × 10−4 S cm−1, total ion transport number as ~ 0.99, and electrochemical stability window as 3.6 V at room temperature. The morphological studies reveal porous structure while the thermal studies confirm no melting feature till 205 °C for the fabricate electrolyte films. Perhaps the optimized proton-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte is suitable for application in electrochemical device, especially in proton-based batteries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  1. Zheng R, Li Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Yang D, Yan L, Li Y, Shu J, Su BL (2023) Ammonium Ion Batteries: Material, Electrochemistry and Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed 62(23):e202301629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Patel N, Mishra K, Banerjee R, Chaudhari J, Kanchan DK, Kumar D (2023) Fundamentals, recent developments and prospects of lithium and non-lithium electrochemical rechargeable battery systems. J Energy Chem 81:221–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Li M, Wang C, Chen Z, Xu K, Lu J (2020) New Concepts in Electrolytes. Chem Rev 120:6783–6819

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mitali J, Dhinakaran S, Mohamad AA (2023) Energy storage systems: a review. Energy Stor Saving 1:166–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen Q, Jin J, Song M, Zhang X, Li H, Zhang J, Hou G, Tang Y, Mai L, Zhou L (2021) High-Energy Aqueous Ammonium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors. Adv Funct Mater 09:07992

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dai J, Qi X, Xia L, Xue Q, Luo L, Wang X, Yang C, Li D, Xie H, Cabot A, Dai L, Xu Y (2022) Aqueous Ammonium-Ion Supercapacitors with Unprecedented Energy Density and Stability Enabled by Oxygen Vacancy-Enriched. Adv Funct Mater 08:12440

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fan Y, Yu Y, Wang P, Sun J, Hu M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Huang C (2023) Free-standing vanadium oxide hydration/reduced graphene oxide film for ammonium ion supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 633:333–342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mishra K, Hashmi SA, Rai DK (2013) Nanocomposite blend gel polymer electrolyte for proton battery application. J Solid State Electrochem 17:785–793

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Xu M, Ivey DG, Xie Z, Qu W (2015) Rechargeable Zn-air batteries: Progress in electrolyte development and cell configuration advancement. J Power Sources 283:358–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shenbagavalli S, Muthuvinayagam M, Revathy MS (2022) Preparation and characterization of proton (H+) conducting solid blend polymer electrolytes based on PEO/ (PVdF-HFP) incorporated with NH4SCN. J Non Cryst Solids 579:121368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tahir HB, Abdullah RM, Aziz SB (2022) The H+ ion transport study in polymer blends incorporated with ammonium nitrate: XRD, FTIR, and electrical characteristics. Results Phys 42:105960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jansi R, Shenbagavalli S, Revathy MS, Deepalakshmi S (2023) Solid polymer electrolytes from NaAlg: PVA: effect of ammonium thiocyanate on ionic conductivity. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 34:489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Shenbagavalli S, Muthuvinayagam M, Revathy MS (2022) Preparation and characterization of proton (H+) conducting solid blend polymer electrolytes based on PEO/P (VdF-HFP) incorporated with NH4SCN. J Non Cryst Solids 579:121368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Du JF, Bai Y, Pan DA, Chu WY, Qiao LJ (2009) Characteristics of proton conducting polymer electrolyte based on chitosan acetate complexed with CH3COONH4. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 47(6):549–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Khandale AP, Bhoga SS, Gedam SK (2013) Study on ammonium acetate salt-added polyvinyl alcohol-based solid proton-conducting polymer electrolytes. Ionics 19:1619–1626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Abdullah OG, Mustafa BS, Bdewi SF, Ahmed HT, Mohamad AH, Suhail MH (2023) Improvement of the Structural and Electrical Properties of the Proton-Conducting PVA-NH4NO3 Solid Polymer Electrolyte System by Incorporating Nanosized Anatase TiO2 Single-Crystal. J Electron Mater 52:3921–3930

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Łatoszyńska AA, Taberna PL, Simon P, Wieczorek W (2017) Proton conducting Gel Polymer Electrolytes for supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 242:31–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pundir SS, Mishra K, Rai DK (2018) Ion transport studies in nanocomposite polymer electrolyte film of PVA–[C4C1Im] [HSO4]–SiO2. J Solid State Electrochem 22:1801–1815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dennis JO, Adam AA, Ali MKM, Soleimani H, Shukur MFBA, Ibnaouf KH, Aldaghri O, Eisa MH, Ibrahem MA, Abdulkadir AB, Cyriac V (2022) Substantial Proton Ion Conduction in Methylcellulose/Pectin/Ammonium Chloride Based Solid Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes: Effect of ZnO Nanofiller. Membranes 12(7):706

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Agrawal RC, Pandey GP (2008) Solid polymer electrolytes: materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications: an overview. J Phys D Appl Phys 41:223001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Xue Z, He D, Xie X (2015) Poly (ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 3(38):19218–19253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ngai KS, Ramesh S, Ramesh K, Juan JC (2018) Electrical, dielectric and electrochemical characterization of novel poly (acrylic acid)-based polymer electrolytes complexed with lithium tetrafluoroborate. Chem Phys Lett 692:19–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pritam AA, Sharma AL (2019) Dielectric relaxations and transport properties parameter analysis of novel blended solid polymer electrolyte for sodium-ion rechargeable batteries. J Mater Sci 54:7131–7155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Perepechko II (1983) An Introduction to Polymer Physics. Central Books Ltd., London, United Kingdom

    Google Scholar 

  25. Peng XD, Barteau MA (1990) Characterization of oxide layers on Mg(0001) and comparison of H2O adsorption on surface and bulk oxides. Surf Sci 233:283–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ahmed TO, Akusu PO, Ismaila A, Maryam A (2014) Morphology and Transport Properties of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)-based Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes. Int Research J Pure Appl Chem 4(2):170–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Pawlicka A, Tavares FC, Dörr DS, Cholant CM, Ely F, Santos MJL, Avellaneda CO (2019) Dielectric behavior and FTIR studies of xanthan gum-based solid polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 305:232–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Arya A, Sadiq M, Sharma AL (2018) Effect of variation of different nanofillers on structural, electrical, dielectric, and transport properties of blend polymer nanocomposites. Ionics 24:2295–2319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Aziz SB, Abidin ZHZ (2015) Ion-transport study in nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes based on chitosan: Electrical and dielectric analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 132:41774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Maheshwaran C, Mishra K, Kanchan DK, Kumar D (2020) Mg2+ conducting polymer gel electrolytes: physical and electrochemical investigations. Ionics 26:2969–2980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pandey GP, Agrawal RC, Hashmi SA (2009) Magnesium ion-conducting gel polymer electrolytes dispersed with nanosized magnesium oxide. J Power Sources 190:563–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Huang Z, Pan Q, Smith DM, Li CY (2019) Plasticized Hybrid Network Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Metal Batteries. Adv Mater Interfaces 6(2):1801445

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Deepak Kumar thanks and acknowledges Electronics and Mechanical Engineering School (Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University), Government of India. Deepak Kumar also acknowledges Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for research funding under core Research Grant vide file No. CRG/2022/008719.

Funding

Research project by Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India vide file No. CRG/2022/008719.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India

    C. Maheshwaran & D. K. Kanchan

  2. Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India

    Kuldeep Mishra

  3. Department of Botany, Swamy Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Alipur, Delhi, 110036, India

    Pradeep Kumar

  4. Electronics and Mechanical Engineering School, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390008, India

    Deepak Kumar

Authors
  1. C. Maheshwaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. K. Kanchan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kuldeep Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pradeep Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Deepak Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

C.M.: Sample preparation, Writing—original draft, analysis. D.K.K: Final draft, review. K.M.: Experimentation, analysis, final draft. PK.: Characterization, final draft. D.K.: Conceptualization, methodology, supervision, characterization.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deepak Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Authors approve that the manuscript follows the ethical guideline. Consent for publication authors agree with the publishing policy and submit this manuscript in accordance with this policy.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Maheshwaran, C., Kanchan, D.K., Mishra, K. et al. Proton ion-conducting polymer electrolytes added with SiO2 nanoparticles: conductivity, dielectric, relaxation, and physical studies. Ionics 30, 2155–2166 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05408-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05408-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation