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Vapor pressure and specific electrical conductivity in the H2O–LiH2PO4–LiPO3 system—a novel electrolyte for water electrolysis at elevated temperature

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Abstract

Lithium dihydrogen phosphate, LiH2PO4 (LDP), was studied for water electrolysis at elevated temperatures. It is shown that pure LDP, melting at ~ 224 °C and with correct DSC and X-ray diffraction diagram, in presence of sufficient humidity is stable up to 360 °C. Both solid and liquid LDP is structurally disordered and superprotonic conducting with conductivities reaching 0.48 S*cm−1, when determined in sealed conductivity cells. The vapor pressure above LDP, pure and mixed with LiPO3 or H2O, was determined by means of Raman spectroscopy based on N2 as internal reference gas. Pressures up to ~ 20 bar at 350 °C were found and conductivities are given for solid and liquid states. Water splitting by electrolysis, 2H2O ➔ 2H2 + O2, was demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy at ~ 225 °C and ~ 4.2 bar with Pt/W electrodes, thus showing that molten LDP has a significant potential for elevated temperature water electrolysis with high efficiency.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge general support from the DTU departments of Chemistry and Energy. We thank Larisa Seerup of DTU Energy for performing the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray measurements. The quartz cells were made by the now-deceased glass blower Jan Patrick Scholer.

Funding

This investigation has been supported by the “ForskEL” research program under grant no. 2016–1-12449 of the Danish Energinet.dk program. We received economic support from the Climate-KIC program TC2018B_2.1.6-CADEL2_P240-1A and the Discovery Grant pool of DTU.

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  1. DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK–2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    R. W. Berg

  2. DTU Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 310, DK–2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    A. V. Nikiforov & N. J. Bjerrum

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  1. R. W. Berg
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Berg, R.W., Nikiforov, A.V. & Bjerrum, N.J. Vapor pressure and specific electrical conductivity in the H2O–LiH2PO4–LiPO3 system—a novel electrolyte for water electrolysis at elevated temperature. Ionics 27, 703–719 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03867-0

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