Skip to main content
Log in

Leveraging Values in Global Organizations: Premises, Paradoxes and Progress

  • Introduction
  • Published:
Management International Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this focused issue on the theme of “Leveraging Values in Global Organizations”, we highlight several prevalent themes on national, organizational and individual values in the literature. We argue that many premises in the literature have been accepted as fact; yet there are still many avenues open to exploration. We present several paradoxes that are often overlooked or lead to inconsistencies in the literature on values. The five articles in this focused issue address these premises and paradoxes, presenting new challenges and opportunities, providing progress and paving the way for future research on leveraging values in global organizations. The selected articles explore values with respect to international alliances and subsidiaries of multinational organizations at the organizational level, among global managers at the group level, and among employees and inpatriates at the individual level of analysis. We trust that readers of this issue will agree that the articles provide novel insights into key issues in the established, yet dynamic, field of research on values in the context of global organizations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. (2002). Identity regulation as organizational control: producing the appropriate individual. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5), 619–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, P. (2003). From issues to actions: the importance of individual concerns and organizational values in responding to natural environmental issues. Organization Science, 14(5), 510–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, R. (2006). Building a Values-driven Organization: A whole system approach to cultural transformation. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C. A., & Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing across borders: The transnational solution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, K. H., O’Connor, M. J., & Ballard, J. (1997). Managing by values. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourne, H., & Jenkins, M. (2013). Organizational values: a dynamic perspective. Organization Studies, 34(4), 495–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brannen, M. Y. (2004). When Mickey loses face: recontextualization, semantic fit, and the semiotics of foreignness. Academy Management Review, 29(4), 593–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brannen, M. Y., & Thomas, D. C. (2010). Bicultural individuals in organizations: implications and opportunity. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 10(1), 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cambra-Fierro, J., Polo-Redondo, Y., & Wilson, A. (2008). The influence of an organisation’s corporate values on employees personal buying behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (1998). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. London: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cording, M., Harrison, J., Hoskinsson, R., & Jonsen, K. (2014). Walking the talk: a multi-stakeholder exploration of organizational authenticity, employee productivity and post-merger performance. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(1), 38–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Courpasson, D., & Dany, F. (2003). Indifference or obedience? Business firms as democratic hybrids. Organization Studies, 24(8), 1231–1260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, T. H., & Blake, S. (1991). Managing cultural diversity: implications for organizational competitiveness. The Executive, 5(3), 45–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Iribarne, P. (2012). Managing corporate values in diverse national cultures: The challenge of differences. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Geuss, A. (1997). The living company. Boston, USA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Witt, B., & Meyer, R. (2010). Strategy process, content, context: An international perspective. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deal, T. E., & Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate cultures: The Rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, S. (1995). Transforming communication, transforming business: Building responsive and responsible workplaces. Cresskill: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denison, D. R. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York, USA: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denrell, J. (2003). Vicarious learning, undersampling of failure, and the myths of management. Organization Science, 14(3), 227–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1939). Theory of valuation. In International encyclopedia of unified science, Vols. 1–2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  • Emery, F. E., & Trist, E. L. (1963). The causal texture of organizational environments. Reprinted in Human Relations, 18, 21–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erez-Rein, N., Erez, M., & Maital, S. (2004). Mind the gap: key success factors in cross-border acquisitions. In A. L. Pablo & M. Javidan (Eds.), Mergers and acquisitions: Creating integrative knowledge (pp. 20–42). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R., & Alford, R. R. (1991). Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices and institutional contradictions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehman, J., Trevino, L. K., & Garud, R. (2013). Values work: a process study of the emergence and performance of organizational values practices. Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), 84–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L. (2006). On the nature and importance of cultural tightness looseness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1225–1244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gertsen, M. C., & Søderberg, A. M. (2012). Winning behaviours in East and West: recontextualizing a strategic concept within a global organization. In M. C. Gertsen, A. M. Søderberg, & M. Zølner (Eds.), Global collaboration: Intercultural experiences and learning (pp. 151–170). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gertsen, M. C., & Zolner, M. (2012a). Reception and recontextualization of corporate values in subsidiaries. In M. C. Gertsen, A. Soderberg, & M. Zolner (Eds.), Global collaboration: Intercultural experiences and learning (pp. 137–150). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gertsen, M. C., & Zølner, M. (2012b). Recontextualization of the corporate values of a Danish MNC in a subsidiary in Bangalore. Group and Organization Management, 37(1), 101–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-ldentity. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi, S., Lockwood, C., & Glynn, M. A. (2015). The many faces of culture: making sense of 30 years of research on culture in organization studies. The Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 1-54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, G. G., & Ditomaso, N. (1992). Predicting corporate performance from organizational culture. Journal of Management Studies, 29(6), 783–798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guthey, E., & Jackson, B. (2011). Cross-Cultural Leadership Revisited. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The Sage handbook of leadership (pp. 165–178). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, L. C., & Ogbonna, A. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of management-espoused organizational cultural control. Journal of Business Research, 64(5), 437–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harzing, A. W. (2001). On bears, bumble-bees, and spiders: the role of expatriates in controlling foreign subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 36(4), 366–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund, G., & Kogut, B. (1993). Managing the MNC: the end of the missionary era. In G. Hedlund (Ed.), Organization of transnational corporations. United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations (pp. 343–358). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, N., Michailova, S., & Tietze, S. (2015). The Routledge companion to cross-cultural management. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, A., Kirk-Brown, A., & Cooper, B. (2012). Does congruence between espoused and enacted organizational values predict affective commitment in Australian organizations? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(4), 731–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsen, K., Galunic, C., Weeks, J., & Braga, T. (2015). Evaluating espoused values: does articulating values pay off? European Management Journal, 33(5), 332–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsen, K., Tatli, A., Ozbilgin, M. F., & Bell, M. P. (2013). The tragedy of the uncommons: reframing workforce diversity. Human Relations, 66(2), 271–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanter, R. M. (2008). Transforming giants. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 43–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khandelwal, K. A., & Mohendra, N. (2010). Espoused organizational values, vision, and corporate social responsibility: does it matter to organizational members? The Journal for Decision Makers, 35(3), 19–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston: Row, Peterson and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotter, J. P., & Heskett, J. L. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, H. W., & Maznevski, M. (2014). International management behavior: Global and sustainable leadership. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung, K., Bhagat, R. S., Buchan, N. R., Erez, M., & Gibson, C. B. (2005). Culture and international business: recent advances and their implications for future research. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(4), 357–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meglino, B. M., & Ravlin, E. C. (1998). Individual values in organizations: concepts, controversies, and research. Journal of Management, 24(3), 351–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R., & Narula, R. (2011). Multinational enterprises and local contexts: the opportunities and challenges of multiple embeddedness. Journal of Management Studies, 48(2), 235–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michailova, S., & Minbaeva, D. (2012). Organizational values and knowledge sharing in multinational corporations: the Danisco case. International Business Review, 21(1), 59–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minbaeva, D., Rabbiosi, L., & Stahl, G. K. (2013). The role of parent-country nationals in reducing the adverse effect of perceived value inconsistency on the commitment of foreign subsidiary employees. In Paper presented at the Academy of International Business annual meeting.

  • Mor-Barak, M. E. (2005). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naor, M., Goldstein, S. M., Linderman, K. W., & Schroeder, R. G. (2008). The role of culture as a driver of quality management and performance: infrastructure versus core quality practices. Decision Sciences, 39(4), 671–698.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishii, L. H., & Ozbilgin, M. F. (2007). Global diversity management: towards a conceptual framework. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(11), 1883–1894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, C. (1989). Corporations, culture, and commitment: motivation and social control in organizations. California Management Review, 31(4), 9–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1996). Culture as social control: corporations, cults, and commitment. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 157–200). Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2002). Organizational culture: a ten year, two-phase study of change in the UK food retailing sector. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5), 673–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pant, P. N., & Lachman, R. (1998). Value incongruity and strategic choice. Journal of Management Studies, 35, 195–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters, T. J., & Waterman, R. H. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, A. M. (1979). On studying organizational cultures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 570–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Post, C., & Byron, K. (2015). Women on boards and firm financial performance: a meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1546–1571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D. A. (2008). The crossvergence perspective: reflections and projections. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1), 27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D. A., Pounder, J., Lo, C., Wong, Y., Egris, C. P., & Stauffer, J. (2006). Stability and change in managerial work values: a longitudinal study of China, Hong Kong and the U.S. Management and Organization Review, 2(1), 67–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M. (1979). Understanding human values: Individual and societal. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, P. (2007). The Halo effect. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying. On performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 15(3), 175–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Cultural values in organizations: insights for Europe. European Journal of International Management, 1(3), 176–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schein, E. H. (1985/2004). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

  • Stahl, G. K., Mäkelä, K., Zander, L., & Maznevski, M. L. (2010a). A look at the bright side of multicultural team diversity. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(4), 439–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, G. K., Maznevski, M. L., Voigt, A., & Jonsen, K. (2010b). Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: a meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4), 690–709.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Economist Intelligence Unit (2010). Global firms in 2020: the next decade of change for organisations and workers. http://www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/SHM_globalfirms_finalfinal.pdf. Accessed 25 August 2015.

  • Trice, H. M., & Beyer, J. M. (1993). The cultures of work organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung, R. L., & Lazarova, M. (2006). Brain drain versus brain gain: an exploratory study of ex-host country nationals in Central and East Europe. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(11), 1853–1872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rekom, J., van Riel, C. B. M., & Wieringa, B. (2006). A methodology for assessing organizational core values. Journal of Management Studies, 43(2), 175–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J., & Lief, C. (2005). Hilti: Our cultural journey. Lausanne, Switzerland: IMD Case.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, K., & Dacin, M. T. (2011). The cultural construction of organizational life: introduction to the special issue. Organization Science, 22(2), 287–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welch, D. E., & Welch, L. S. (2006). Commitment for hire? The viability of corporate culture as a MNC control mechanism. International Business Review, 15(1), 14–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Whetten, D. A., & Mackey, A. (2002). A social actor conception of organizational identity and its implications for the study of organizational reputation. Business and Society, 41(4), 393–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilmott, H. (1993). Strength is ignorance; slavery is freedom: managing culture in modern organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 30(4), 515–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E. M. (1998). Gendered career paths. Personnel Review, 27(5), 396–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zander, L. (2012). Global corporate culture? On the changing influence of national culture on organizational culture. In Paper presented at the Euro-Asia Management Studies Association annual meeting, Singapore.

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to start by expressing our gratitude to Professor Elizabeth Rose for her support when this focused issue on Leveraging values in global organizations was initiated. Additionally, we thank her for helpful statistical reviews of the papers, and for providing the authors with detailed suggestions and comments during the workshop. We are especially grateful to all the reviewers (names listed below) for their insightful and constructive comments on the papers submitted to this focused issue. Reviewers can never be thanked enough for taking the time to share their expertise and provide authors with developmental reviews. This work has greatly benefitted the authors and the guest editorial team of this focused issue. Thank you!.

The process of bringing this focused issue to publication has been more prolonged than what any of the editors, or the authors envisioned at the onset of this endeavor. We therefore would like to express our appreciation to the authors and to the MIR Editors-in-Chief Professors Joachim Wolf and Michael-Jörg Oesterle, for their patience and supportive comments throughout the whole process. Additionally, we have a special note of thanks to Stefan Doetsch, assistant to the editorial office who took us through the last phase of the process, and to Sebastian Jilke, who took over from Stefan and helped us make it over the finishing line.

We would like to thank Peter Edlund who helped organize the pre-publication workshop, the wonderful staff and premises at Sigtuna Folkhögskola in Sigtuna, Sweden, and the Department of Business Studies, Uppsala for support with materials. Finally, we are grateful to and would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Swedish Science Foundation (Vetenskapsrådet) for the workshop, which was funded together with Professor Lena Zander’s research in the project: ‘Culture in Global Organizations: A study of leadership, philosophies, and core values in companies’ attempts to manage multiculturalism in the workplace’.

List of reviewers

Zeynep Aycan

Shlomo Ben Hur

Iris Berdrow

Allan Bird

Henrik Dellestrand

Jesper Edman

Laura Erkkilä

Stacey Fitzsimmons

Anne Marie Francesco

Magnus Frostenson

Stephan Gerschewski

Sonia Ghumman

Vipin Gupta

Sujin K. Horwitz

Lucas Humphries

Kate Hutchings

Kiyohiko Ito

Kohyar Kiazad

Sowon Celeste Kim-Crettex

Catherine Kwantes

Jakob Lauring

Yih-teen Lee

Orly Levy

Kevin Lo

Alex Luksyte

Svjetlana Madzar

Kristiina Mäkelä

Martha Maznevski

Yvonne McNulty

Christof Miska

Susan Mohammed

Fiona Moore

Andre Pekerti

Daria Podmetina

Markus Pudelko

Nagarajan Ramamoorthy

Hussain Rammal

Sebastian Reiche

Susan Schneider

Joanna Scott-Kennel

Janet Shaner

Maxwell Smith

Ciara Sutton

Norihiko Takeuchi

Ahu Tatli

Sully Taylor

Markus Vodosek

Davina Vora

Todd Weber

Anna Lupina Wegener

Catherine Welch

Sachiko Yamao

Peter Zettinig

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lena Zander.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zander, L., Jonsen, K. & Mockaitis, A.I. Leveraging Values in Global Organizations: Premises, Paradoxes and Progress. Manag Int Rev 56, 149–169 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0277-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0277-0

Keywords

Navigation