Abstract
In this focused issue on the theme of “Leveraging Values in Global Organizations”, we highlight several prevalent themes on national, organizational and individual values in the literature. We argue that many premises in the literature have been accepted as fact; yet there are still many avenues open to exploration. We present several paradoxes that are often overlooked or lead to inconsistencies in the literature on values. The five articles in this focused issue address these premises and paradoxes, presenting new challenges and opportunities, providing progress and paving the way for future research on leveraging values in global organizations. The selected articles explore values with respect to international alliances and subsidiaries of multinational organizations at the organizational level, among global managers at the group level, and among employees and inpatriates at the individual level of analysis. We trust that readers of this issue will agree that the articles provide novel insights into key issues in the established, yet dynamic, field of research on values in the context of global organizations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. (2002). Identity regulation as organizational control: producing the appropriate individual. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5), 619–644.
Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bansal, P. (2003). From issues to actions: the importance of individual concerns and organizational values in responding to natural environmental issues. Organization Science, 14(5), 510–527.
Barrett, R. (2006). Building a Values-driven Organization: A whole system approach to cultural transformation. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Bartlett, C. A., & Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing across borders: The transnational solution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Blanchard, K. H., O’Connor, M. J., & Ballard, J. (1997). Managing by values. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Bourne, H., & Jenkins, M. (2013). Organizational values: a dynamic perspective. Organization Studies, 34(4), 495–514.
Brannen, M. Y. (2004). When Mickey loses face: recontextualization, semantic fit, and the semiotics of foreignness. Academy Management Review, 29(4), 593–616.
Brannen, M. Y., & Thomas, D. C. (2010). Bicultural individuals in organizations: implications and opportunity. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 10(1), 5–16.
Cambra-Fierro, J., Polo-Redondo, Y., & Wilson, A. (2008). The influence of an organisation’s corporate values on employees personal buying behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 157–167.
Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (1998). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. London: Random House.
Cording, M., Harrison, J., Hoskinsson, R., & Jonsen, K. (2014). Walking the talk: a multi-stakeholder exploration of organizational authenticity, employee productivity and post-merger performance. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(1), 38–56.
Courpasson, D., & Dany, F. (2003). Indifference or obedience? Business firms as democratic hybrids. Organization Studies, 24(8), 1231–1260.
Cox, T. H., & Blake, S. (1991). Managing cultural diversity: implications for organizational competitiveness. The Executive, 5(3), 45–56.
D’Iribarne, P. (2012). Managing corporate values in diverse national cultures: The challenge of differences. New York: Routledge.
De Geuss, A. (1997). The living company. Boston, USA: Harvard Business School Press.
De Witt, B., & Meyer, R. (2010). Strategy process, content, context: An international perspective. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA.
Deal, T. E., & Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate cultures: The Rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
Deetz, S. (1995). Transforming communication, transforming business: Building responsive and responsible workplaces. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
Denison, D. R. (1990). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York, USA: Wiley.
Denrell, J. (2003). Vicarious learning, undersampling of failure, and the myths of management. Organization Science, 14(3), 227–243.
Dewey, J. (1939). Theory of valuation. In International encyclopedia of unified science, Vols. 1–2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Emery, F. E., & Trist, E. L. (1963). The causal texture of organizational environments. Reprinted in Human Relations, 18, 21–32.
Erez-Rein, N., Erez, M., & Maital, S. (2004). Mind the gap: key success factors in cross-border acquisitions. In A. L. Pablo & M. Javidan (Eds.), Mergers and acquisitions: Creating integrative knowledge (pp. 20–42). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Friedland, R., & Alford, R. R. (1991). Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices and institutional contradictions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Gehman, J., Trevino, L. K., & Garud, R. (2013). Values work: a process study of the emergence and performance of organizational values practices. Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), 84–112.
Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L. (2006). On the nature and importance of cultural tightness looseness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1225–1244.
Gertsen, M. C., & Søderberg, A. M. (2012). Winning behaviours in East and West: recontextualizing a strategic concept within a global organization. In M. C. Gertsen, A. M. Søderberg, & M. Zølner (Eds.), Global collaboration: Intercultural experiences and learning (pp. 151–170). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gertsen, M. C., & Zolner, M. (2012a). Reception and recontextualization of corporate values in subsidiaries. In M. C. Gertsen, A. Soderberg, & M. Zolner (Eds.), Global collaboration: Intercultural experiences and learning (pp. 137–150). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gertsen, M. C., & Zølner, M. (2012b). Recontextualization of the corporate values of a Danish MNC in a subsidiary in Bangalore. Group and Organization Management, 37(1), 101–132.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-ldentity. Cambridge: Polity.
Giorgi, S., Lockwood, C., & Glynn, M. A. (2015). The many faces of culture: making sense of 30 years of research on culture in organization studies. The Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 1-54.
Gordon, G. G., & Ditomaso, N. (1992). Predicting corporate performance from organizational culture. Journal of Management Studies, 29(6), 783–798.
Guthey, E., & Jackson, B. (2011). Cross-Cultural Leadership Revisited. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The Sage handbook of leadership (pp. 165–178). London: Sage.
Harris, L. C., & Ogbonna, A. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of management-espoused organizational cultural control. Journal of Business Research, 64(5), 437–445.
Harzing, A. W. (2001). On bears, bumble-bees, and spiders: the role of expatriates in controlling foreign subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 36(4), 366–379.
Hedlund, G., & Kogut, B. (1993). Managing the MNC: the end of the missionary era. In G. Hedlund (Ed.), Organization of transnational corporations. United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations (pp. 343–358). London: Routledge.
Holden, N., Michailova, S., & Tietze, S. (2015). The Routledge companion to cross-cultural management. New York: Routledge.
Howell, A., Kirk-Brown, A., & Cooper, B. (2012). Does congruence between espoused and enacted organizational values predict affective commitment in Australian organizations? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(4), 731–747.
Jonsen, K., Galunic, C., Weeks, J., & Braga, T. (2015). Evaluating espoused values: does articulating values pay off? European Management Journal, 33(5), 332–340.
Jonsen, K., Tatli, A., Ozbilgin, M. F., & Bell, M. P. (2013). The tragedy of the uncommons: reframing workforce diversity. Human Relations, 66(2), 271–294.
Kanter, R. M. (2008). Transforming giants. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 43–52.
Khandelwal, K. A., & Mohendra, N. (2010). Espoused organizational values, vision, and corporate social responsibility: does it matter to organizational members? The Journal for Decision Makers, 35(3), 19–35.
Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston: Row, Peterson and Co.
Kotter, J. P., & Heskett, J. L. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. New York: The Free Press.
Lane, H. W., & Maznevski, M. (2014). International management behavior: Global and sustainable leadership. Chichester: Wiley.
Leung, K., Bhagat, R. S., Buchan, N. R., Erez, M., & Gibson, C. B. (2005). Culture and international business: recent advances and their implications for future research. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(4), 357–378.
Meglino, B. M., & Ravlin, E. C. (1998). Individual values in organizations: concepts, controversies, and research. Journal of Management, 24(3), 351–389.
Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R., & Narula, R. (2011). Multinational enterprises and local contexts: the opportunities and challenges of multiple embeddedness. Journal of Management Studies, 48(2), 235–252.
Michailova, S., & Minbaeva, D. (2012). Organizational values and knowledge sharing in multinational corporations: the Danisco case. International Business Review, 21(1), 59–70.
Minbaeva, D., Rabbiosi, L., & Stahl, G. K. (2013). The role of parent-country nationals in reducing the adverse effect of perceived value inconsistency on the commitment of foreign subsidiary employees. In Paper presented at the Academy of International Business annual meeting.
Mor-Barak, M. E. (2005). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Naor, M., Goldstein, S. M., Linderman, K. W., & Schroeder, R. G. (2008). The role of culture as a driver of quality management and performance: infrastructure versus core quality practices. Decision Sciences, 39(4), 671–698.
Nishii, L. H., & Ozbilgin, M. F. (2007). Global diversity management: towards a conceptual framework. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(11), 1883–1894.
O’Reilly, C. (1989). Corporations, culture, and commitment: motivation and social control in organizations. California Management Review, 31(4), 9–25.
O’Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1996). Culture as social control: corporations, cults, and commitment. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 157–200). Greenwich: JAI Press.
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2002). Organizational culture: a ten year, two-phase study of change in the UK food retailing sector. Journal of Management Studies, 39(5), 673–706.
Pant, P. N., & Lachman, R. (1998). Value incongruity and strategic choice. Journal of Management Studies, 35, 195–212.
Peters, T. J., & Waterman, R. H. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. New York: Harper and Row.
Pettigrew, A. M. (1979). On studying organizational cultures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 570–581.
Post, C., & Byron, K. (2015). Women on boards and firm financial performance: a meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1546–1571.
Ralston, D. A. (2008). The crossvergence perspective: reflections and projections. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1), 27–40.
Ralston, D. A., Pounder, J., Lo, C., Wong, Y., Egris, C. P., & Stauffer, J. (2006). Stability and change in managerial work values: a longitudinal study of China, Hong Kong and the U.S. Management and Organization Review, 2(1), 67–94.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.
Rokeach, M. (1979). Understanding human values: Individual and societal. New York: The Free Press.
Rosenzweig, P. (2007). The Halo effect. New York: The Free Press.
Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying. On performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 15(3), 175–191.
Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Cultural values in organizations: insights for Europe. European Journal of International Management, 1(3), 176–190.
Schein, E. H. (1985/2004). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Stahl, G. K., Mäkelä, K., Zander, L., & Maznevski, M. L. (2010a). A look at the bright side of multicultural team diversity. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(4), 439–447.
Stahl, G. K., Maznevski, M. L., Voigt, A., & Jonsen, K. (2010b). Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: a meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4), 690–709.
The Economist Intelligence Unit (2010). Global firms in 2020: the next decade of change for organisations and workers. http://www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/SHM_globalfirms_finalfinal.pdf. Accessed 25 August 2015.
Trice, H. M., & Beyer, J. M. (1993). The cultures of work organizations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Tung, R. L., & Lazarova, M. (2006). Brain drain versus brain gain: an exploratory study of ex-host country nationals in Central and East Europe. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(11), 1853–1872.
Van Rekom, J., van Riel, C. B. M., & Wieringa, B. (2006). A methodology for assessing organizational core values. Journal of Management Studies, 43(2), 175–201.
Ward, J., & Lief, C. (2005). Hilti: Our cultural journey. Lausanne, Switzerland: IMD Case.
Weber, K., & Dacin, M. T. (2011). The cultural construction of organizational life: introduction to the special issue. Organization Science, 22(2), 287–298.
Welch, D. E., & Welch, L. S. (2006). Commitment for hire? The viability of corporate culture as a MNC control mechanism. International Business Review, 15(1), 14–28.
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Whetten, D. A., & Mackey, A. (2002). A social actor conception of organizational identity and its implications for the study of organizational reputation. Business and Society, 41(4), 393–414.
Wilmott, H. (1993). Strength is ignorance; slavery is freedom: managing culture in modern organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 30(4), 515–552.
Wilson, E. M. (1998). Gendered career paths. Personnel Review, 27(5), 396–411.
Zander, L. (2012). Global corporate culture? On the changing influence of national culture on organizational culture. In Paper presented at the Euro-Asia Management Studies Association annual meeting, Singapore.
Acknowledgments
We would like to start by expressing our gratitude to Professor Elizabeth Rose for her support when this focused issue on Leveraging values in global organizations was initiated. Additionally, we thank her for helpful statistical reviews of the papers, and for providing the authors with detailed suggestions and comments during the workshop. We are especially grateful to all the reviewers (names listed below) for their insightful and constructive comments on the papers submitted to this focused issue. Reviewers can never be thanked enough for taking the time to share their expertise and provide authors with developmental reviews. This work has greatly benefitted the authors and the guest editorial team of this focused issue. Thank you!.
The process of bringing this focused issue to publication has been more prolonged than what any of the editors, or the authors envisioned at the onset of this endeavor. We therefore would like to express our appreciation to the authors and to the MIR Editors-in-Chief Professors Joachim Wolf and Michael-Jörg Oesterle, for their patience and supportive comments throughout the whole process. Additionally, we have a special note of thanks to Stefan Doetsch, assistant to the editorial office who took us through the last phase of the process, and to Sebastian Jilke, who took over from Stefan and helped us make it over the finishing line.
We would like to thank Peter Edlund who helped organize the pre-publication workshop, the wonderful staff and premises at Sigtuna Folkhögskola in Sigtuna, Sweden, and the Department of Business Studies, Uppsala for support with materials. Finally, we are grateful to and would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Swedish Science Foundation (Vetenskapsrådet) for the workshop, which was funded together with Professor Lena Zander’s research in the project: ‘Culture in Global Organizations: A study of leadership, philosophies, and core values in companies’ attempts to manage multiculturalism in the workplace’.
List of reviewers
Zeynep Aycan
Shlomo Ben Hur
Iris Berdrow
Allan Bird
Henrik Dellestrand
Jesper Edman
Laura Erkkilä
Stacey Fitzsimmons
Anne Marie Francesco
Magnus Frostenson
Stephan Gerschewski
Sonia Ghumman
Vipin Gupta
Sujin K. Horwitz
Lucas Humphries
Kate Hutchings
Kiyohiko Ito
Kohyar Kiazad
Sowon Celeste Kim-Crettex
Catherine Kwantes
Jakob Lauring
Yih-teen Lee
Orly Levy
Kevin Lo
Alex Luksyte
Svjetlana Madzar
Kristiina Mäkelä
Martha Maznevski
Yvonne McNulty
Christof Miska
Susan Mohammed
Fiona Moore
Andre Pekerti
Daria Podmetina
Markus Pudelko
Nagarajan Ramamoorthy
Hussain Rammal
Sebastian Reiche
Susan Schneider
Joanna Scott-Kennel
Janet Shaner
Maxwell Smith
Ciara Sutton
Norihiko Takeuchi
Ahu Tatli
Sully Taylor
Markus Vodosek
Davina Vora
Todd Weber
Anna Lupina Wegener
Catherine Welch
Sachiko Yamao
Peter Zettinig
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zander, L., Jonsen, K. & Mockaitis, A.I. Leveraging Values in Global Organizations: Premises, Paradoxes and Progress. Manag Int Rev 56, 149–169 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0277-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0277-0