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Bedeutung der Nierenfunktion für die Therapiestrategien des Nierenzellkarzinoms

Importance of kidney function for therapy strategies for renal cell cancer

  • Leitthema
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Der Nephrologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Das Nierenzellkarzinom macht etwa 3% aller neu diagnostizierten bösartigen Tumorerkrankungen/Jahr aus, mit zunehmender Inzidenz in den vergangenen 10 Jahren. Männer sind 1,5-mal häufiger betroffen als Frauen. Das durchschnittliche Alter neu erkrankter Männer liegt bei 63 Jahren, das der Frauen bei 67 Jahren. Im Gegensatz zur häufig frühzeitigen Diagnose des Nierenzellkarzinoms und der damit verbundenen kleineren initialen Tumorgröße hat sich die durchschnittliche Überlebensrate der Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom in den vergangenen Jahren nicht verbessert. Dies ist zum einen den altersbedingten Veränderungen der Nierenfunktion wie z. B. dem Abfall der glomerulären Filtrationsrate bei parallel ansteigendem Blutdruck oder einer fortschreitenden glomerulären und arteriellen Sklerose zuzuschreiben. Zum anderen ist die Zunahme primärer Nierenerkrankungen bei älteren Menschen, zu denen beispielsweise die membranöse Nephropathie, die progressive Glomerulonephritis, Amyloidose, Typ-2-Diabetes und Hypertonie sowie obstruktive Harnableitungsstörungen zählen, als ursächlich anzusehen. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die Chirurgie des Nierenzellkarzinoms. Studien belegen, dass die organerhaltende Tumorentfernung eine bessere Langzeitnierenfunktion und damit eine bessere Überlebenschance beinhaltet. Die onkologischen Langzeitergebnisse sind bei der „Nephron-sparing“-Tumornephrektomie gleich gut im Vergleich zur radikalen Tumornephrektomie.

Abstract

Renal cell cancer constitutes approximately 3% of all newly diagnosed malignant tumors each year and with an increasing incidence over the last 10 years. Males are affected 1.5 times more frequently than females. The average age of newly affected males is 63 years and 67 years in females. In contrast to the often early diagnosis of renal cell cancer and the resulting initial small tumor size, the average survival rate of patients with renal cell cancer has not improved in recent years. This can be partly attributed to age-related alterations in renal function, such as the decrease in glomerular filtration rate with increasing blood pressure or progressive glomerular and arterial sclerosis. It can also be due to the increase in primary renal diseases in the elderly, for example membranous nephropathy, progressive glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, type 2 diabetes and hypertension as well as micturition disorders. A further aspect is surgery of renal cell cancer. Studies have shown that organ-preserving tumor removal results in a better long-term renal function and therefore a better survival chance. Oncological long-term results of nephron-sparing tumor nephrectomy are equally as good as radical tumor nephrectomy.

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Hohenfellner, M., Zeier, M. Bedeutung der Nierenfunktion für die Therapiestrategien des Nierenzellkarzinoms. Nephrologe 6, 337–339 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-010-0522-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-010-0522-2

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