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Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal three novel species of Curvularia (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) associated with cereal crops and weedy grass hosts

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Abstract

The genus Curvularia comprises phytopathogenic, saprobic, epiphytic and endophytic fungal species associated with cereal crops and their wild relatives. Recently, multi-locus phylogenetic studies have been widely implemented for accurate identification of Curvularia, at the species level. Although the genus is taxonomically diverse, the species associated with cereal crops and weeds are poorly known in Sri Lanka. In this study, symptomatic specimens of cereals and associated weedy grass hosts were collected from selected locations in Sri Lanka. The isolates obtained were initially identified based on microscopic characters. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) loci were sequenced and used in multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Three novel evolutionary lineages were identified, distinct from all the currently accepted species of Curvularia. To accommodate the novel phylogenetic lineages, three novel species of Curvularia are described, namely Curvularia eleusinicola, C. panici-maximi and C. simmonsii. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for the newly described taxa. In addition, host records are updated for recently introduced C. plantarum and C. pseudointermedia. This study highlights the need for extensive collections and molecular identifications of tropical species of hyphomycetous fungi associated with cereals, fibre crops and weeds in order to support effective disease management and surveillance measures.

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Data availability

The DNA sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees are available in TreeBase (http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S27331). All the DNA sequences are also submitted to GenBank.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Sri Jayewardenepura for Research Grant ASP/01/RE/SCI/2018/036 to work on the dematiaceous hyphomycetous fungi of Sri Lanka. The Mycological Society of America is acknowledged for the Emory Simmons Research Award (2018) to DSM. The Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology are thanked for laboratory facilities.

Funding

This project is funded by the University of Sri Jayewardenepura for Research Grant ASP/01/RE/SCI/2018/036. Emory Simmons Research Award (2018) to DSM by Mycological Society of America and funding from USDA-ARS National Program 303, Project 8042-22000-298-00D also contributed to this work.

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  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

    Himashi S. Ferdinandez, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Nelum Deshappriya & Mayuri S. Munasinghe

  2. Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka

    Dhanushka Udayanga

  3. Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Lisa A. Castlebury

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  1. Himashi S. Ferdinandez
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Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Dhanushka Udayanga, Nelum Deshappriya, Mayuri S. Munasinghe and Lisa A. Castlebury contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Himashi S. Ferdinandez, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda and Dhanushka Udayanga. The manuscript was written by Himashi S. Ferdinandez, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Dhanushka Udayanga, Nelum Deshappriya, Mayuri S. Munasinghe and Lisa A. Castlebury. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Ferdinandez, H.S., Manamgoda, D.S., Udayanga, D. et al. Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal three novel species of Curvularia (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) associated with cereal crops and weedy grass hosts. Mycol Progress 20, 431–451 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01681-0

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