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Enhancing Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysis for Water Treatment: Optimizing Fe3O4@SiO2@Cr–TiO2–S Nanocomposite Efficiency with Silver and Palladium Deposition

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Abstract

In this study, we developed a magnetically separable, visible light-responsive photocatalyst, Fe3O4@SiO2@Cr–TiO2–S, optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) for enhanced photodegradation of methyl orange in water. By doping with chromium and sulfur, and further surface modification with silver and palladium nanoparticles, we achieved significant improvement in photocatalytic efficiency under visible light. Our findings reveal that the optimal doping levels of Cr/TiO2 at 2.88 mol% and S/TiO2 at 3.02 mol%, coupled with noble metal deposition, notably enhance the degradation rates, leveraging the surface plasmon resonance effects of Ag nanoparticles for better light absorption and charge separation. This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing efficient photocatalysts for water treatment applications, highlighting the potential of magnetic nanocomposites in environmental remediation.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Scientific Research Center of Soran University for their support and assistance throughout the course of this research project. Their commitment to promoting scientific research and fostering an environment of academic excellence has been instrumental in the successful completion of this study. We extend our appreciation to the staff and faculty members of the Scientific Research Center for their valuable guidance, technical expertise, and access to research facilities.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Soran, Iraq

    Hossein Khojasteh, Peyman Aspoukeh & Samir Hamad Mustafa

  2. Department of Chemistry, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

    Behrouz Khezri & Salah Khanahmadzadeh

  3. Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq

    Kamran Heydaryan

  4. Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Nowjuan Sharifi

  5. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Vahid Eskandari

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  1. Hossein Khojasteh
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Contributions

Hossein Khojasteh and Vahid Eskandari contributed to the conceptualization of the study, formulation of the research design, and oversight of the entire research project. Nowjuan Sharifi and Kamran Heydaryan played a key role in the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles. Peyman Aspoukeh contributed significantly to the experimental work, data collection, and analysis, Behrouz Khezri, Samir Hamad Mustafa and Salah Khanahmadzadeh were involved in the application phase of the study, specifically in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. All authors actively participated in the drafting and critical review of the manuscript. Hossein Khojasteh and Peyman Aspoukeh were particularly involved in the writing of the original draft, while Nowjuan Sharifi, Kamran Heydaryan, Behrouz Khezri and Salah Khanahmadzadeh contributed to the manuscript's review and editing process. The final version of the manuscript was approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Hossein Khojasteh.

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Khojasteh, H., Khezri, B., Heydaryan, K. et al. Enhancing Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysis for Water Treatment: Optimizing Fe3O4@SiO2@Cr–TiO2–S Nanocomposite Efficiency with Silver and Palladium Deposition. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02315-3

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