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Ultra-Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Liver Metastases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection Using Silicon Nitride and Black Phosphorus Nanomaterial

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Abstract

In the present study, an ultra-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor is developed. The device is composed of a CaF2-prism, silver, silicon nitride, nickel, and black phosphorus have been deposited. The setup is grounded in the Kretschmann configuration and theoretically analyzed by means of transfer matrix method and Fresnel equations. For selective diagnosis of liver tissue and its mutation in terms of variation in RI, the biosensor provides an ultrahigh angular sensitivity of 383.62°/RIU for MET tissue and 403.92°/RIU for HCC tissue. The optimization of angular sensitivity and other sensor parameters in terms of thickness and number of layers has also been utilized. To validate the reflectance curve, electric field intensity enhancement factor and phase interrogation have also been conducted. The acquired results state that the proposed biosensor yields an enhanced sensitivity when compared to other reported results. Due to its advantage of fast, accurate and early-stage detection of liver mutations with a very small number of samples, this report may expedite a sensing device for commercial applications.

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Data will be made available on request.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors (Swati Srivastava) extends her heartfelt appreciation chiefly to the Physics and Material Science Department of Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, for the invaluable opportunity and support provided throughout this research endeavor.

Funding

For this work, there was no financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photonics and Photovoltaic Research Lab, Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India, 273010

    Swati Srivastava, Sapana Yadav, Adarsh Chandra Mishra & D. K. Dwivedi

  2. Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, 59053, Ulrika, Sweden

    Sachin Singh

  3. VBRI Innovation Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 110019, India

    Sachin Singh

  4. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, India

    Pooja Lohia

  5. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, UP, India

    Rajesh Kumar Yadav

  6. Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh

    M. Khalid Hossain

Authors
  1. Swati Srivastava
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  2. Sapana Yadav
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  3. Adarsh Chandra Mishra
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  4. Sachin Singh
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  6. D. K. Dwivedi
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  7. Rajesh Kumar Yadav
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  8. M. Khalid Hossain
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Contributions

Swati Srivastava: conceived the concept, developed the structure and methodology, collected, and investigated all the data and prepared the initial draft. Adarsh Chandra Mishra, Sapana Yadav & Sachin Singh: investigation and interpretation of data, reviewed the manuscript. Pooja Lohia & D. K. Dwivedi: Reviewed and edited the manuscript and provided guidance as mentors throughout the planning and execution of the research project. Rajesh Kumar Yadav & M. Khalid Hossain: Review and revise the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. K. Dwivedi.

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All procedures performed in this work are theoretical and simulation based on the optical properties of biological samples. Thus, there is no need for any approval or ethical compliance.

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Srivastava, S., Yadav, S., Mishra, A.C. et al. Ultra-Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Liver Metastases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection Using Silicon Nitride and Black Phosphorus Nanomaterial. Plasmonics 19, 1031–1041 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02059-6

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