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Pregnancy Detection Through Modelling of Dual-Polarized Plasmonic PREGBIOSENSOR by Urine Samples Analysis

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Abstract

This research work presents a biomedical application of “photonic crystal fiber (\(\mathrm{PCF}\))”–based “surface plasmon resonance (\(\mathrm{SPR}\))” biosensors for the earliest possible detection of pregnancy to reduce the risk of miscarriage. The sensor design contains a combination of \(\mathrm{Au}\), \({\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}\), and \({\mathrm{MgF}}_{2}\) layers of plasmonic materials, which provide better stability to the sensor model. The biosensor parameters are examined for both \(\mathrm{TM mode}\) and \(\mathrm{TE mode}\), following the principle of couple mode light theory. The analyte used in the proposed sensor is women’s urine samples, which are investigated based on the variations in their refractive index (\(\mathrm{RI}\)) values. The biosensor has obtained the highest wavelength sensitivity (\(\mathrm{WS}\)) of \(110000\mathrm{ nm}/\mathrm{RIU}\) and \(130000\mathrm{ nm}/\mathrm{RIU}\) for \(\mathrm{TM mode}\) and \(\mathrm{TE mode}\) respectively. Peak amplitude sensitivity (\(\mathrm{AS})\) of \(24180 {\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\) and \(31670 {\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\) is obtained for \(\mathrm{TM mode}\) and \(\mathrm{TE mode}\), respectively. The biosensor can achieve sensor resolution (\(\mathrm{SR})\) in the order of \({10}^{-7}\) for both \(\mathrm{TM mode}\) and \(\mathrm{TE mode}\). The \({R}^{2}\) close to unity is achieved for both \(\mathrm{TM mode}\) and \(\mathrm{TE mode}\). The maximum \(\mathrm{FOM}\) obtained from the proposed biosensor is \(984.84 {\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\) and \(1078.83 {\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\) for \(\mathrm{RI}\) \(1.3420\) and \(1.3430\mathrm{ RIU}\), respectively, corresponding to \(\mathrm{TE mode}\).

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The data generated during the investigation is available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors enormously thank all anonymous reviewers and Editor-in-Chief for their comments, concerns, queries, and constructive suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, India

    Ayushman Ramola, Anupma Marwaha & Surinder Singh

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  1. Ayushman Ramola
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Ayushman Ramola: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Investigation; Validation, Anupma Marwaha: Supervision, Validation, Surinder Singh: Supervision, Validation.

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Correspondence to Ayushman Ramola.

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Ramola, A., Marwaha, A. & Singh, S. Pregnancy Detection Through Modelling of Dual-Polarized Plasmonic PREGBIOSENSOR by Urine Samples Analysis. Plasmonics 19, 33–49 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01962-2

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