Abstract
Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been determined in the blood samples from several countries globally including a female population in Sweden recently, yet little is known about the time trends in the blood levels of these compounds in Swedish male populations over recent years. In this study, the fourteen target PFASs consisted of four perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs) and ten perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) in the whole blood samples, collected from 153 Swedish elderly men during the period between 2008 and 2010, were analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). As the dominant PFASs contaminants in the blood samples, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed the highest geometric mean (GM) at 8.5 ng/mL, ranging from 1.7 to 29 ng/mL, while blood perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contained the GM of 1.8 ng/mL, ranging from 0.35 to 6.4 ng/mL. Both the levels of these two compounds were lower than those determined in the blood samples of Swedish elderly populations derived from the late 1990s. According to the temporal trend analysis, over the three years, the blood levels of PFOS in Swedish male populations declined 16 % per annum, while those of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) increased 6.1 % per annum, which were consistent with those reported previously for the populations from other countries.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2002) Hazard assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its salts
Kissa E (2001) Fluorinated surfactants and repellents, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York
Giesy JP, Kannan K (2001) Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife. Environ Sci Technol 35:1339–1342
Houde M, Martin JW, Letcher RJ et al (2006) Biological monitoring of polyfluoroalkyl substances: a review. Environ Sci Technol 40:3463–3473
Houde M, De Silva AO, Muir DC et al (2011) Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic biota: an updated review. Environ Sci Technol 45:7962–7973
Martin JW, Whittle DM, Muir DCG et al (2004) Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in a food web from Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 38:5379–5385
Lau C, Butenhoff J, Rogers JM (2004) The developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198:231–241
Lau C, Anitole K, Hodes C et al (2007) Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings. Toxicol Sci 99:366–394
UNEP (2009) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). http://chm.pops.int/Portals/0/Repository/convention_text/UNEP-POPS-COP-CONVTEXT-FULL.English.PDF. Accessed 19 Jul 2013
Kannan K, Corsolini S, Falandysz J et al (2004) Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in human blood from several countries. Environ Sci Technol 38:4489–4495
Steenland K, Fletcher T, Savitz DA (2010) Epidemiologic evidence on the health effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Environ Health Perspect 118:1100–1108
Kärrman A, Harada KH, Inoue K et al (2009) Relationship between dietary exposure and serum perfluorochemical (PFC) levels—a case study. Environ Int 35:712–717
Hölzer J, Midasch O, Rauchfuss K et al (2008) Biomonitoring of perfluorinated compounds in children and adults exposed to perfluorooctanoate-contaminated drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 116:651–657
Strynar MJ, Lindstrom AB (2008) Perfluorinated compounds in house dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA. Environ Sci Technol 42:3751–3756
Nilsson H, Kärrman A, Rotander A et al (2010) Inhalation exposure to fluorotelomer alcohols yield perfluorocarboxylates in human blood? Environ Sci Technol 44:7717–7722
D’eon JC, Mabury SA (2011) Exploring indirect sources of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs): evaluating uptake, elimination, and biotransformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) in the rat. Environ Health Perspect 119:344–350
Prevedouros K, Cousins IT, Buck RC et al (2006) Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates. Environ Sci Technol 40:32–44
Kato K, Wong LY, Jia LT et al (2011) Trends in exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the US Population: 1999–2008. Environ Sci Technol 45:8037–8045
Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M (2011) Temporal changes in the levels of perfluorinated compounds in California women’s serum over the past 50 years. Environ Sci Technol 45:7510–7516
Haug LS, Thomsen C, Becher G (2009) Time trends and the influence of age and gender on serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in archived human samples. Environ Sci Technol 43:2131–2136
Harada KH, Yang HR, Moon CS et al (2008) Levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in female serum samples from Japan in 2008, Korea in 1994–2008 and Vietnam in 2007–2008. Chemosphere 79:314–319
Glynn A, Berger U, Bignert A et al (2011) Perfluoroalkyl substances in serum from first-time mothers in Uppsala—temporal trend 1996–2010. http://www.imm.ki.se/Datavard/Rapporter/PFAS_Sakrapport_110331.pdf. Accessed 19 Jul 2013
Long M, Bossi R, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC (2012) Level and temporal trend of perfluoroalkyl acids in Greenlandic Inuit. Int J Circumpolar Health 71:17998
Kärrman A, van Bavel B, Järnberg U et al (2006) Perfluorinated chemicals in relation to other persistent organic pollutants in human blood. Chemosphere 64:1582–1591
Ingelido AM, Marra V, Abballe A et al (2010) Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid exposures of the Italian general population. Chemosphere 80:1125–1130
Kärrman A, Mueller JF, van Bavel B et al (2006) Levels of 12 perfluorinated chemicals in pooled Australian serum, collected 2002–2003, in relation to age, gender, and region. Environ Sci Technol 40:3742–3748
Harada K, Inoue K, Morikawa A et al (2005) Renal clearance of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in humans and their species-specific excretion. Environ Res 99:253–261
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Swedish Cancer and Allergy Foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Bao, J., Kärrman, A., van Bavel, B. et al. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the blood samples from a male population of Sweden. Chin. Sci. Bull. 59, 388–395 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-0008-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-0008-5