Abstract
Defect engineering represents one degree of freedom to tune the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we demonstrate that the thermal and electronic properties of 2D Bi2O2Se can be optimized simultaneously by introducing oxygen defects. 2D Bi2O2Se and its oxygen-deficient counterpart (Bi2OxSe, x < 2) can be controllably synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. By introducing oxygen defects, the thermal conductivity of 2D Bi2O2Se is reduced by nearly three times, achieving an extremely low thermal conductivity of 0.68 ± 0.06 W/mK at room temperature via the thermal bridge technique. This low thermal conductivity is enabled by the scattering of phonons by targeting of high-, mid-, and low-frequency phonons due to oxygen defects, strong anharmonicity, and nanostructure boundaries, respectively. Meanwhile, the mobility is also improved to 260–500 cm2·V−1·s−1 and the usual polar optical phonon scattering in 2D Bi2O2Se is weakened owing to the introduction of oxygen defects. Our results promise potential applications for thermoelectric design, nanoelectronics, and thermal barrier coating devices based on emerging 2D materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chang C, Chen W, Chen Y, et al. Recent progress on two-dimensional materials. Acta Physico Chim Sin, 2021, 37: 2108017
Akinwande D, Huyghebaert C, Wang C H, et al. Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology. Nature, 2019, 573: 507–518
Chhowalla M, Jena D, Zhang H. Two-dimensional semiconductors for transistors. Nat Rev Mater, 2016, 1: 1–5
Li X, Tao L, Chen Z, et al. Graphene and related two-dimensional materials: structure-property relationships for electronics and optoelectronics. Appl Phys Rev, 2017, 4: 021306
Zhou Y, Zhao L D. Promising thermoelectric bulk materials with 2D structures. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1702676
Ong Z Y, Bae M H. Energy dissipation in van der Waals 2D devices. 2D Mater, 2019, 6: 032005
Balandin A A, Ghosh S, Bao W, et al. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Lett, 2018, 8: 902–907
Cai Q, Scullion D, Gan W, et al. High thermal conductivity of high-quality monolayer boron nitride and its thermal expansion. Sci Adv, 2019, 5: eaav0129
Zhao L D, Tan G, Hao S, et al. Ultrahigh power factor and thermoelectric performance in hole-doped single-crystal SnSe. Science, 2016, 351: 141–144
Miller R A. Current status of thermal barrier coatings—an overview. Surf Coatings Tech, 1987, 30: 1–11
Wan C, Wang Y, Wang N, et al. Development of novel thermoelectric materials by reduction of lattice thermal conductivity. Sci Tech Adv Mater, 2010, 11: 044306
Savin A V, Kivshar Y S, Hu B. Suppression of thermal conductivity in graphene nanoribbons with rough edges. Phys Rev B, 2010, 82: 195422
Zhao Y, Liu D, Chen J, et al. Engineering the thermal conductivity along an individual silicon nanowire by selective helium ion irradiation. Nat Commun, 2017, 8: 15919
Zhao W, Wang Y, Wu Z, et al. Defect-engineered heat transport in graphene: a route to high efficient thermal rectification. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 11962
Zhao Y, Zheng M, Wu J, et al. Modification of thermal transport in few-layer MoS2 by atomic-level defect engineering. Nanoscale, 2021, 13: 11561–11567
Aiyiti A, Hu S, Wang C, et al. Thermal conductivity of suspended few-layer MoS2. Nanoscale, 2018, 10: 2727–2734
Wu J, Yuan H, Meng M, et al. High electron mobility and quantum oscillations in non-encapsulated ultrathin semiconducting Bi2O2Se. Nat Nanotech, 2017, 12: 530–534
Li T, Peng H. 2D Bi2O2Se: an emerging material platform for the next-generation electronic industry. Acc Mater Res, 2021, 2: 842–853
Yang F, Wang R, Zhao W, et al. Thermal transport and energy dissipation in two-dimensional Bi2O2Se. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 115: 193103
Yang F, Wu J, Suwardi A, et al. Gate-tunable polar optical phonon to piezoelectric scattering in few-layer Bi2O2Se for high-performance thermoelectrics. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2004786
Luo H, Gao Q, Liu H, et al. Electronic nature of charge density wave and electron-phonon coupling in kagome superconductor KV3Sb5. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 273
Dang L Y, Liu M, Wang G G, et al. Organic ion template-guided solution growth of ultrathin bismuth oxyselenide with tunable electronic properties for optoelectronic applications. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2201020
Li J, Wang Z, Wen Y, et al. High-performance near-infrared photodetector based on ultrathin Bi2O2Se nanosheets. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1706437
Cheng T, Tan C, Zhang S, et al. Raman spectra and strain effects in bismuth oxychalcogenides. J Phys Chem C, 2018, 122: 19970–19980
Hossain M T, Das M, Ghosh J, et al. Understanding the interfacial charge transfer in the CVD grown Bi2O2Se/CsPbBr3 nanocrystal heterostructure and its exploitation in superior photodetection: experiment vs. theory. Nanoscale, 2021, 13: 14945–14959
Chen W, Khan U, Feng S, et al. High-fidelity transfer of 2D Bi2O2Se and its mechanical properties. Adv Funct Mater, 2020, 30: 2004960
Shi L, Li D, Yu C, et al. Measuring thermal and thermoelectric properties of one-dimensional nanostructures using a microfabricated device. J Heat Transfer, 2003, 125: 881–888
Yang X, Zheng X, Liu Q, et al. Experimental study on thermal conductivity and rectification in suspended monolayer MoS2. ACS Appl Mater Inter, 2020, 12: 28306–28312
Wang C, Ding G, Wu X, et al. Electron and phonon transport properties of layered Bi2O2Se and Bi2O2Te from first-principles calculations. New J Phys, 2018, 20: 123014
Samanta M, Pal K, Pal P, et al. Localized vibrations of Bi bilayer leading to ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance in weak topological insulator n-type BiSe. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 5866–5872
Guo R, Jiang P, Tu T, et al. Electrostatic interaction determines thermal conductivity anisotropy of Bi2O2Se. Cell Rep Phys Sci, 2021, 2: 100624
Sun Y, Cheng H, Gao S, et al. Atomically thick bismuth selenide freestanding single layers achieving enhanced thermoelectric energy harvesting. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 20294–20297
Pettes M T, Maassen J, Jo I, et al. Effects of surface band bending and scattering on thermoelectric transport in suspended bismuth telluride nanoplates. Nano Lett, 2013, 13: 5316–5322
Sun G L, Li L L, Qin X Y, et al. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of nanostructured topological insulator Bi2Se3. Appl Phys Lett, 2015, 106: 053102
Zhao L D, Lo S H, Zhang Y, et al. Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit in SnSe crystals. Nature, 2014, 508: 373–377
Pei Y L, He J, Li J F, et al. High thermoelectric performance of oxyselenides: intrinsically low thermal conductivity of Ca-doped BiCuSeO. NPG Asia Mater, 2013, 5: e47
Tong T, Chen Y, Qin S, et al. Sensitive and ultrabroadband phototransistor based on two-dimensional Bi2O2Se nanosheets. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1905806
Li P, Han A, Zhang C, et al. Mobility-fluctuation-controlled linear positive magnetoresistance in 2D semiconductor Bi2O2Se nanoplates. ACS Nano, 2020, 14: 11319–11326
Gelmont B L, Shur M, Stroscio M. Polar optical-phonon scattering in three- and two-dimensional electron gases. J Appl Phys, 1995, 77: 657–660
Liang J, Tu T, Chen G, et al. Unveiling the fine structural distortion of atomically thin Bi2O2Se by third-harmonic generation. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 2002831
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0208000, 2021YFA1200700) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62174026, 91963130).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, F., Ng, H.K., Wu, J. et al. Simultaneous optimization of phononic and electronic transport in two-dimensional Bi2O2Se by defect engineering. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 66, 160408 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3758-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-3758-4