Abstract
The first part of this paper reviews our efforts on knowledge-based software engineering, namely PROMIS, started from 1990s. The key point of PROMIS is to generate applications automatically based on domain knowledge as well as software knowledge. That is featured by separating the development of domain knowledge from the development of software. But in PROMIS, we did not find an appropriate representation for the domain knowledge. Fortunately, in our recent work, we found such a carrier for knowledge modules, i.e. knowware. Knowware is a commercialized form of domain knowledge. This paper briefly introduces the basic definitions of knowware, knowledge middleware and knowware engineering. Three life circle models of knowware engineering and the design of corresponding knowware implementations are given. Finally we discuss application system automatic generation and domain knowledge modeling on the J2EE platform, which combines the techniques of PROMIS, knowware and J2EE, and the development and deployment framework, i.e. PROMIS/KW**.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lu R, Jin Z, Wan R. A Knowledge-Based Tool for Automatically Prototyping Management Information Systems, AI’94, Paris, France, May, 1994
Lu R, Jin Z, Wan R. Requirement specification in pseudo language in PROMIS. Proc COMPSAC’95, 1995, 8: 96–101
Lu R, Jin Z, Wan R L, et al. Acquiring the requirements based on domain knowledge. J Software, 1996, 7(3): 137–144
Lu R, Jin Z, Xia Y. An intelligent CASE tool for information management systems. In: Proceeding of the First International Conference on Future Computer Systems, Xi’an, 1996
Lu R, Jin Z. A multi-agent and pseudo-natural language approach for intelligent information service. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Software Engineering and the Knowledge Engineering, Madrid, Spain, 1997. 422–429
Lu R, Jin Z, Liu L, et al., PROMIS 2.0: An intelligent case tool for MIS in the client/server application. In: ISFST-97, Xiamen, 1997, 399–405
Lu R, Jin Z, Liu L, et al., OSNET—A language for domain modeling. In: Proceedings of the Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems. IEEE Computer Society, 1998, 83–92
Lu R, Jin Z, Liu L, et al. NEWCOM: An architecture description language in client/server style. J Comp, 1998, 21(12): 1103–1111
Lu R, Jin Z. Knowledge based hierarchical software reuse. Chinese J Adv Software Res, 1999, 6(1): 1–11
Lu R, Jin Z, Chen G. Ontology-oriented requirements analysis. J Software, 2000, 11(8): 1009–1017
Lu R, Jin Z. Domain Modeling based Software Engineering. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000
Lu R, Jin Z. Formal ontology: Foundation of domain knowledge sharing and reusing. J Comp Sci Tech, 2002, 17(5): 535–548
Lu R, Jin Z. Domain knowledge representation: Using an ontology language. Appl Inf, 2003, 1302–1307
Lu R, Jin Z. Automating application software generation. Expert Systems: J Know Engin Neur Net, 2003, 20(2): 71–77
Jin Z, Lu R, Bell D, Automatically multi-paradigm requirements modeling and analyzing: An ontology-based approach, Science in China (Series F), 2003, 46(4): 279–297
Lu R. From hardware to software to knowware: IT’s third liberation? IEEE Intell Syst, 2005, 82–85
Lu. R. Knowware research and fourth industry, Invited Talk, Economic globalization and the choice of Asia, Shanghai Forum, 2005.
Lu R, Jin Z. Beyond knowledge engineering. J Comp Sci Tech, 2006, 21(5): 790–799
Lu R. Towards a software/knowware co-engineering. Keynote Speech. KSEM 06, LNAI 4092, 2006. 23–32
Lu R. Knowware, knowware engineering and knowware/software co-engineering. Keynote Speech. ICCS, 2007
Nonaka I, Takeuchi H. The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995
Mei H, Huang G. PKUAS: An architecture-based reflective component operating platform. Invited paper. In: 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS). Suzhou, China, 26–28 May, 2004. 163–169
Huang G, Liu T, Mei H, et al. Towards autonomic computing middleware via reflection. In: Proceedings of 28th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Hongkong, China, September 28–30, 2004. 122–127
Huang G, Mei H, Yang F. Funtime software architecture based on reflective middleware. Sci China Ser F-InfSci, 2004, 47(5): 555–576
Huang G, Mei H, Yang F. Runtime recovery and manipulation of software architecture of component-based systems. Int J Auto Software Engin, 2006, 13(2): 251–278
Lu R. Knowware, the Third Star After Hardware and Software. Italy: Polimetrica Publishing Co., 2007
Mei H, Huang G, Cao D G, et al. Anatomy and Evaluation on J2EE Technology, Communications of China. CCF, 2005, 1(4): 26–35
Jarke M, et al. Information systems development as knowledge engineering: A review of the DAIDA project. Technical Report MIP-9010, University of Passau, 1990
Vassiliou Y, et al. IRIS: A mapping assistant for generating designs from requirements. In: Proc. of the Conf. on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Springer LNCS 436, 1990. 307–338
Engels G, Lohr-Richte P R. CADDY—A highly integrated environment to support conceptual database design. In: Proc. of the 5th Int. Workshop on CASE. Montreal, Canada, 1992, 19–22
Engels G, Gogolla G, Hohenstein U, et al. Conceptual modelling of database application using an extended ER model. Data Know Engin, 1992, 9(2): 157–204
Mylopoulos J, Chung L, Yu E. From object-oriented to goal-oriented requirement analysis. CACM, (42): 31–37
Kundu S. Structuring software functional requirements for automated design and verification. COMPSAC’07, 127–134
Yu E. Towards modeling and reasoning support for early phase requirement enginering. In: 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering. 226–235
Wang X, Lesperance Y. Agent-oriented requirements engineering using ConGolog and i*. In: AOIS 2001’. 2001. 59–78
Vilkomir S, Ghose A, Krishna A. Combining agent-oriented conceptual modeling with formal methods. In: ASWEC, 2004. 147–157
Castro J, Kolp M, Mylopoulos J. Towards requirement-driven information system engineering: the Tropos project. Inf Syst, 2002, (27): 365–389
Fuxman A, Liu L, Mylopoulos J, et al. Specifying and analyzing early requirements in Tropos. Requir Engin, 2004, 9(2): 132–150
Bhuiyan M, Islam M, Krishna S, et al. Integration of agent-oriented conceptual models and UML activity diagrams using effect annotations. In: COMPSAC07. 2007. 171–178
Monroe R J, Gailen D. Style based reuse for software architectures. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Software Reuse, 1996, 84–93
McIlraith S A, Son T C, Zeng H I. Semantic Web Services. IEEE Intell Syst, 2001, 16(2): 46–53
Bansal S, Vidal J M. Matchmaking of Web services based on the DAML-S service model. In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS’03), 2003, 926–927
Maamar Z, Mostefaoui S K, Yahyaoui H. Toward an agent-based and context-oriented approach for Web services composition. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Engin, 2005, 17(5): 686–697
Hou L, Jin Z, Wu D. Modeling and verifying web services driven by requirements: An ontology based approach. Sci China Ser F-Inf Sci, 2006, 49(6): 792–820
Wang P W, Jin Z, Liu L, et al. Building towards capability specifications of web services based on an environment ontology. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Engin, 2008, 20(4): 547–561
Lu R, Jin Z. From knowledge based software engineering to knowware based software engineering. Keynote Speech. COMPSAC’07, 2007
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 60625204) and the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60736011, 60496324 and 60603002)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, R., Jin, Z. From knowledge based software engineering to knowware based software engineering. Sci. China Ser. F-Inf. Sci. 51, 638–660 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-008-0060-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-008-0060-y