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Magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere

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Abstract

Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma β has been widely studied and used to model the coronal magnetic structure. While the force-freeness assumption is well satisfied in the solar corona, the lower atmosphere is not force-free given the high plasma β. Therefore, a magnetohydrostatic (MHS) equilibrium which takes into account plasma forces, such as pressure gradient and gravitational force, is considered to be more appropriate to describe the lower atmosphere. This paper reviews both analytical and numerical extrapolation methods based on the MHS assumption for calculating the magnetic fields and plasma in the solar atmosphere from measured magnetograms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    XiaoShuai Zhu

  2. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    XiaoShuai Zhu

  3. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK

    Thomas Neukirch

  4. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Thomas Wiegelmann

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Correspondence to XiaoShuai Zhu.

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ZHU XiaoShuai acknowledges the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA1600500) and mobility program (Grant No. M-0068) of the Sino-German Science Center. NEUKIRCH Thomas acknowledges financial support by the UKs Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (Grant Nos. ST/S000402/1 and ST/W001195/1). WIEGELMANN Thomas acknowledges financial support by DLR-grant 50 OC 2101.

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Zhu, X., Neukirch, T. & Wiegelmann, T. Magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 65, 1710–1726 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-022-2047-8

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