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Global convergence in terrestrial gross primary production response to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit

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Abstract

Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increases with climate warming and may limit plant growth. However, gross primary production (GPP) responses to VPD remain a mystery, offering a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of global terrestrial ecosystems carbon dynamics. In this study, in-situ measurements, satellite-derived data, and Earth System Models (ESMs) simulations were analysed to show that the GPP of most ecosystems has a similar threshold in response to VPD: first increasing and then declining. When VPD exceeds these thresholds, atmospheric drought stress reduces soil moisture and stomatal conductance, thereby decreasing the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Current ESMs underscore CO2 fertilization effects but predict significant GPP decline in low-latitude ecosystems when VPD exceeds the thresholds. These results emphasize the impacts of climate warming on VPD and propose limitations to future ecosystems productivity caused by increased atmospheric water demand. Incorporating VPD, soil moisture, and canopy conductance interactions into ESMs enhances the prediction of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change.

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Data and code availability

The carbon flux dataset is available on FLUXNET2015 (https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet2015-dataset/). The GOSIF GPP dataset is available at the Global Ecology Data Repository (https://globalecology.unh.edu/data/GOSIF-GPP.html). The TerraClimate dataset is available from the Earth Engine Data Catalog (http://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html). The SPEI dataset is available at http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/23906). The ESA CCI SM dataset is available at the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (https://esa-soilmoisture-cci.org/). The Global-AI_PET_v3 database is available from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal (https://cgiarcsi.community). The CMIP5 and CMIP6 Earth System Model simulations are from the Earth System Grid Federation (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip5/ and https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/). The R code used for data processing and analysis is available at https://github.com/chaodan/Huang_et_al._manuscript-Codeand-data.

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Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Chinese National Science Foundational Project (32160292, 32171759, and 31930070), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0604403 and 2016YFA0600804), JIANGXI DOUBLE THOUSAND PLANS (jxsq2020101080), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province (20224BAB205008). J.X. was supported by University of New Hampshire. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programmers Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for producing the CMIP5 and CMIP6 outputs, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and providing their model output. We also thank workgroups from the FLUXNET community, including the following networks: AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, GreenGrass, ICOS, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux-TERN, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Chao Huang & Fusheng Chen

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Chao Huang & Yu Liang

  3. Institute of Applied Remote Sensing & Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Jingfeng Huang

  4. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Jingfeng Huang

  5. Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    Jingfeng Xiao

  6. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea

    Xing Li

  7. School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 203 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Hong S. He

  8. Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA

    Hanqin Tian

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  1. Chao Huang
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Huang, C., Huang, J., Xiao, J. et al. Global convergence in terrestrial gross primary production response to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Sci. China Life Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-023-2475-9

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