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Genome sequencing of the bacterial blight pathogen DY89031 reveals its diverse virulence and origins of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains

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Abstract

The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), belonging to Xanthomonas sp., causes one of the most destructive vascular diseases in rice worldwide, particularly in Asia and Africa. To better understand Xoo pathogenesis, we performed genome sequencing of the Korea race 1 strain DY89031 (J18) and analyzed the phylogenetic tree of 63 Xoo strains. We found that the rich diversity of evolutionary features is likely associated with the rice cultivation regions. Further, virulence effector proteins secreted by the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Xoo showed pathogenesis divergence. The genome of DY89031 shows a remarkable difference from that of the widely prevailed Philippines race 6 strain PXO99A, which is avirulent to rice Xa21, a well-known disease resistance (R) gene that can be broken down by DY89031. Interestingly, plant inoculation experiments with the PXO99A transformants expressing the DY89031 genes enabled us to identify additional TAL (transcription activator-like) and non-TAL effectors that may support DY89031-specific virulence. Characterization of DY89031 genome and identification of new effectors will facilitate the investigation of the rice-Xoo interaction and new mechanisms involved.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB27040201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3181101746). We would like to thank Prof. Jianlong Xu (Institute of Crop Sciences, CAAS) for providing rice germplasm resources, Prof. Gongyou Chen (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) for providing Xoo strains, Prof. Yiwen Deng for rice disease evaluation, Dr. Zeling Xu (South China Agricultural University) for helping with the genome sequencing analysis.

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  1. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Fudan Chen & Zuhua He

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Bingxiao Yan & Xiangyu Gong

  3. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Bingxiao Yan, Xiangyu Gong & Zuhua He

  4. School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China

    Helin Li

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  1. Fudan Chen
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Chen, F., Yan, B., Gong, X. et al. Genome sequencing of the bacterial blight pathogen DY89031 reveals its diverse virulence and origins of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains. Sci. China Life Sci. 64, 2175–2185 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1917-x

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