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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of human genetic disease

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Abstract

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9) provides a powerful tool for targeted genetic editing. Directed by programmable sequence-specific RNAs, this system introduces cleavage and double-stranded breaks at target sites precisely. Compared to previously developed targeted nucleases, the CRISPR/Cas9 system demonstrates several promising advantages, including simplicity, high specificity, and efficiency. Several broad genome-editing studies with the CRISPR/Cas9 system in different species in vivo and ex vivo have indicated its strong potential, raising hopes for therapeutic genome editing in clinical settings. Taking advantage of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology directed repair (HDR)-mediated DNA repair, several studies have recently reported the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to successfully correct disease-causing alleles ranging from single base mutations to large insertions. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent preclinical studies involving the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of human genetic diseases.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC81502677, NSFC81602699, NSFC81123003), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0201402), and the Key Technologies R & D program of Sichuan Province (2015FZ0040).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Ke Men, Xingmei Duan, Yang Yang, Shaohua Yao & Yuquan Wei

  2. Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China

    Xingmei Duan

  3. Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Zhiyao He

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  1. Ke Men
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  2. Xingmei Duan
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  4. Yang Yang
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Correspondence to Ke Men.

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Men, K., Duan, X., He, Z. et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of human genetic disease. Sci. China Life Sci. 60, 447–457 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9032-4

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