Abstract
The association of the porcine Pitx2c gene with meat quality traits was investigated in the present study. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found. Allele frequencies of four SNPs were further detected in four commercial breeds and eight Chinese indigenous breeds. Single SNP and meat quality associations were analyzed in a Yorkshire×Meishan F2 population. The SNPs c.474C>T (P<0.01) and c.636C>T (P<0.05) showed a significant association with meat color (MCV1). The SNPs c.*37G>A and c.*47G>A were significantly associated with drip loss rate (DLR), water holding capacity (WHC) and meat color value (MCV1) consistently (P<0.05). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed that the adjacent SNPs were in LD. Two major haplotypes were identified, and association analysis between haplotype combinations and meat quality indicated that the presence of two copies of haplotype 1 -CCGG- may improve meat quality.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ollivier L, Guéblez R, Webb A J, et al. Breeding Goals for Nationally and Internationally Pig Breeding Organisations. 4th ed. Edingburgh: World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 1990
Rauw W M, Kinas E, Noordhuizen-Stassen E N, et al. Undesirable side effects of selection for high production efficiency in farm animals: a review. Livest Prod Sci, 1998, 56: 15–33 10.1016/S0301-6226(98)00147-X
Hermesch S, Luxford B G, Graser H U. Genetic parameters for lean meat yield, meat quality, reproduction and feed efficiency traits for Australian pigs. 2. Genetic relationships between production, carcase and meat quality traits. Livest Prod Sci, 2000, 65: 249–259 10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00151-2
Lonergan S M, Huff-Lonergan E, Rowe L J, et al. Selection for lean growth efficiency in Duroc pigs influences pork quality. J Anim Sci, 2001, 79: 2075–2085 11518215, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtFaltr0%3D
Carr C C, Morgan J B, Berg E P, et al. Growth performance, carcass composition, quality, and enhancement treatment of fresh pork identified through deoxyribonucleic acid marker-assisted selection for the Rendement Napole gene. J Anim Sci, 2006, 84: 910–917 16543569, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjtlKkt78%3D
Fujii J, Otsu K, Zorzato F, et al. Identification of a mutation in porcine ryanodine receptor associated with malignant hyperthermia. Science, 1991, 253: 448–451 1862346, 10.1126/science.1862346, 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmslOjsb0%3D
Hamilton D N, Ellis M, Miller K D, et al. The effect of the Halothane and Rendement Napole genes on carcass and meat quality characteristics of pigs. J Anim Sci, 2000, 78: 2862–2867 11063310, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnslKrtb4%3D
Miller K D, Ellis M, McKeith F K, et al. Frequency of the Rendement Napole RN-allele in a population of American Hampshire pigs. J Anim Sci, 2000, 78: 1811–1815 10907822, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlt1ShsbY%3D
Moeller S J, Baas T J, Leeds T D, et al. Rendement Napole gene effects and a comparison of glycolytic potential and DNA genotyping for classification of Rendement Napole status in Hampshire-sired pigs. J Anim Sci, 2003, 81: 402–410 12643483, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhsFKhsbo%3D
Le Roy P, Naveau J, Elsen J M, et al. Evidence for a new major gene influencing meat quality in pigs. Genet Res, 1990, 55: 33–40 2318414, 10.1017/S0016672300025179
Nezer C, Moreau L, Brouwers B, et al. An imprinted QTL with major effect on muscle mass and fat deposition maps to the IGF2 locus in pigs. Nat Genet, 1999, 21: 155–156 9988262, 10.1038/5935, 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpsVCltg%3D%3D
Fan B, Lkhagvadorj S, Cai W, et al. Identification of genetic markers associated with residual feed intake and meat quality traits in the pig. Meat Sci, 2010, 84: 645–650 20374837, 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.025, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXit1ajsLs%3D
Ovilo C, Fernandez A, Rodriguez M C, et al. Association of MC4R gene variants with growth, fatness, carcass composition and meat and fat quality traits in heavy pigs. Meat Sci, 2006, 73: 42–47 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.10.016, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFWgtro%3D
Piorkowska K, Tyra M, Rogoz M, et al. Association of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) with feed intake, growth, fatness and carcass composition in pigs raised in Poland. Meat Sci, 2010, 85: 297–301 20374902, 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.017, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjvFequ74%3D
Sieczkowska H, Kocwin-Podsiadla M, Zybert A, et al. The association between polymorphism of PKM2 gene and glycolytic potential and pork meat quality. Meat Sci, 2010, 84: 180–185 20374772, 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.045, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1Gmtr7I
Rothschild M, Jacobsont C, Vaske D. The estrogen receptor locus is associated with a major gene influencing litter size in pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93: 201–205 8552604, 10.1073/pnas.93.1.201, 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xjslyiuw%3D%3D
te Pas M F W, Everts M E, Haagsman H P. Muscle Development of Livestock Animals: Physiology, Genetics and Meat Quality. 1st ed. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2004. 428 10.1079/9780851998114.0000
de Vries A G, Sosnicki A, Garnier J P, et al. The role of major genes and DNA technology in selection for meat quality in pigs. Meat Sci, 1998, 49: 245–255 10.1016/S0309-1740(98)00088-6
Gerbens F, Harders F L, Groenen M A, et al. A dimorphic microsatellite in the porcine H-FABP gene at chromosome 6. Anim Genet, 1998, 29: 408 9800342, 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntFSqtrs%3D
Short T H, Rothschild M F, Southwood O I, et al. Effect of the estrogen receptor locus on reproduction and production traits in four commercial pig lines. J Anim Sci, 1997, 75: 3138–3142 9419986, 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXotVWgt78%3D
Semina E V, Reiter R, Leysens N J, et al. Cloning and characterization of a novel bicoid-related homeobox transcription factor gene, RIEG, involved in Rieger syndrome. Nat Genet, 1996, 14: 392–399 8944018, 10.1038/ng1296-392, 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntlGhsL8%3D
Gage P J, Suh H, Camper S A. Dosage requirement of Pitx2 for development of multiple organs. Development, 1999, 126: 4643–4651 10498698, 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXns1emt78%3D
Lin C R, Kioussi C, O’Connell S, et al. Pitx2 regulates lung asymmetry, cardiac positioning and pituitary and tooth morphogenesis. Nature, 1999, 401: 279–282 10499586, 10.1038/45803, 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmt1yku7g%3D
Kioussi C, Briata P, Baek SH, et al. Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin→Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development. Cell, 2002, 111: 673–685 12464179, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01084-X, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptlGrtbY%3D
Martinez-Fernandez S, Hernandez-Torres F, Franco D, et al. Pitx2c overexpression promotes cell proliferation and arrests differentiation in myoblasts. Dev Dyn, 2006, 235: 2930–2939 16958127, 10.1002/dvdy.20924, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht12mt7vM
Abu-Elmagd M, Francis-West P, Munsterberg A. Wnt signalling via Pitx2 regulates somite and limb myogenesis. Mech Dev, 2009, 126: S213–S213 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.534
Amanda E Z L, Qian M, Gage P J. Pitx2 is critical for the survival and specification of extraocular muscles. Dev Biol, 2008, 319: 536–536 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.05.254
L’Honore A, Coulon V, Marcil A, et al. Sequential expression and redundancy of Pitx2 and Pitx3 genes during muscle development. Dev Biol, 2007, 307: 421–433 17540357, 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.04.034
Shih H P, Gross M K, Kioussi C. Expression pattern of the homeodomain transcription factor Pitx2 during muscle development. Gene Expr Patterns, 2007, 7: 441–451 17166778, 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.11.004, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlSmsLg%3D
Shih H P, Gross M K, Kioussi C. Cranial muscle defects of Pitx2 mutants result from specification defects in the first branchial arch. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104: 5907–5912 17384148, 10.1073/pnas.0701122104, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkt1Gjsrw%3D
Zhou Y F, Cheng G, Dieter L, et al. An altered phenotype in a conditional knockout of Pitx2 in extraocular muscle. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2009, 50: 4531–4541 10.1167/iovs.08-2950
Xiong Y Z, Deng C Y. Principle and Method of Swine Testing. Beijing: Chinese Agriculture Press, 1999
Yang H, Xu Z Y, Lei M G, et al. Association of 3 polymorphisms in porcine troponin I genes (TNNI1 and TNNI2) with meat quality traits. J Appl Genet, 51: 51–57
Barrett J C, Fry B, Maller J, et al. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics, 2005, 21: 263–265 15297300, 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkt1WitQ%3D%3D
Stephens M, Smith N J, Donnelly P. A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data. Am J Hum Genet, 2001, 68: 978–989 11254454, 10.1086/319501, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3kslWgsA%3D%3D
Buckingham M, Bajard L, Chang T, et al. The formation of skeletal muscle: from somite to limb. J Anat, 2003, 202: 59–68 12587921, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00139.x
Dong F Y, Sun X X, Liu W, et al. Pitx2 promotes development of splanchnic mesoderm-derived branchiomeric muscle. Development, 2006, 133: 4891–4899 17107996, 10.1242/dev.02693, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFGisL4%3D
Evans A L, Gage P J. The essential role of Pitx2 in extraocular muscle development. Dev Biol, 2006, 295: 384–385 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.180
de Vries A G, van der Wal P G, Long T, et al. Genetic parameters of pork quality and production traits in Yorkshire populations. Livest Prod Sci, 1994, 40: 277–289 10.1016/0301-6226(94)90095-7
Otto G, Roehe R, Looft H, et al. Comparison of different methods for determination of drip loss and their relationships to meat quality and carcass characteristics in pigs. Meat Sci, 2004, 68: 401–409 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.04.007
Knapp P, Willam A. Genetic parameters for lean meat content and meat quality traits in different pig breeds. Livest Prod Sci, 1997, 52: 69–73 10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00120-6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, W., Zuo, B., Ren, Z. et al. Identification of four SNPs and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine Pitx2c gene. Sci. China Life Sci. 54, 426–433 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-011-4167-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-011-4167-9