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Approaching the uniaxiality of magnetic anisotropy in single-molecule magnets

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Abstract

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs), which can exhibit slow magnetization relaxation and bulk-magnet-like hysteresis of purely molecular origin, are promising candidates for high-density information storage, molecular spintronics, and quantum computing. To realize their applications, it is crucial to improve the blocking temperature (TB) and the effective relaxation barrier (Ueff). Three decades of multidisciplinary research have yielded distinct SMMs with a state-of-the-art Ueff of up to 2,000 K and a TB of up to the liquid nitrogen region. Several strategies have been investigated and summarized, which revealed that enhancing the uniaxiality of magnetic anisotropy is critical for constructing high-performance SMMs. Therefore, magnetic anisotropy, a key property that connects the molecular structure symmetry and performance of SMMs, plays a fundamental role in dictating magneto-structural correlations. Understanding and employing magnetic anisotropy would be significantly beneficial for rationally designing high-performance SMMs. This review focuses on the magnetic anisotropy of SMMs. We illustrate the origin and manifestation of magnetic anisotropy in mononuclear 3d- and 4f-block metal complexes. We then introduce developed approaches to investigate magnetic anisotropy both theoretically and experimentally. Typical SMMs by optimizing uniaxial magnetic anisotropy through lanthanide metallocene, symmetry controlling, and low-coordination approaches are represented. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and opportunities in this field will be discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21971006, 21801037, 22101220), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0306003, 2017YFA0206301, 2017YFA0204903) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT:2021IVA073).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Chen Wang

  2. Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoeletric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Chen Wang, Bing-Wu Wang & Song Gao

  3. State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Yin-Shan Meng

  4. Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China

    Shang-Da Jiang & Song Gao

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  1. Chen Wang
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Correspondence to Shang-Da Jiang, Bing-Wu Wang or Song Gao.

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Wang, C., Meng, YS., Jiang, SD. et al. Approaching the uniaxiality of magnetic anisotropy in single-molecule magnets. Sci. China Chem. 66, 683–702 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-022-1423-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-022-1423-4

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