Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ion exchange membranes from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and related applications

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Science China Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) play a significant role in fields of energy and environment, for instance fuel cells, diffusion dialysis, electrodialysis, etc. The limited choice of commercially available IEMs has produced a strong demand of fabricating IEMs with improved properties via facile synthetic strategies over the past two decades. Poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) is considered as a promising polymeric material for constructing practical IEMs, due to its advantages of good physicochemical properties, low manufacturing cost and easy post functionalization. In this review, we present the accumulated efforts in synthetic strategies towards diverse types of PPO-based IEMs. Relation between polymer structures and the resulted features is discussed in detail. Besides, applying IEMs from PPO and its derivatives in fuel cell, diffusion dialysis and electrodialysis is summarized and commented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li N, Guiver MD. Macromolecules, 2014, 47: 2175–2198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Li X, Zhang H, Mai Z, Zhang H, Vankelecom I. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 1147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Afsar NU, Erigene B, Irfan M, Wu B, Xu T, Ji W, Emmanuel K, Ge L, Xu T. Sep Purif Tech, 2018, 193: 11–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Xu T, Huang C. AIChE J, 2008, 54: 3147–3159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mauritz KA, Moore RB. Chem Rev, 2004, 104: 4535–4586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Xu T, Wu D, Wu L. Prog Polym Sci, 2008, 33: 894–915

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. He G, Li Z, Zhao J, Wang S, Wu H, Guiver MD, Jiang Z. Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 5280–5295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Couture G, Alaaeddine A, Boschet F, Ameduri B. Prog Polym Sci, 2011, 36: 1521–1557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hickner MA, Ghassemi H, Kim YS, Einsla BR, McGrath JE. Chem Rev, 2004, 104: 4587–4612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hibbs MR, Fujimoto CH, Cornelius CJ. Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 8316–8321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Alam TM, Hibbs MR. Macromolecules, 2014, 47: 1073–1084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Li N, Shin DW, Hwang DS, Lee YM, Guiver MD. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 9810–9820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mohanty AD, Lee YB, Zhu L, Hickner MA, Bae C. Macromolecules, 2014, 47: 1973–1980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lee S, Ann J, Lee H, Kim JH, Kim CS, Yang TH, Bae B. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 1833–1836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dong T, Hu J, Ueda M, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wang L. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 2321–2331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Xing P, Robertson GP, Guiver MD, Mikhailenko SD, Kaliaguine S. Macromolecules, 2004, 37: 7960–7967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gu F, Dong H, Li Y, Si Z, Yan F. Macromolecules, 2013, 47: 208–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Deavin OI, Murphy S, Ong AL, Poynton SD, Zeng R, Herman H, Varcoe JR. Energy Environ Sci, 2012, 5: 8584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Asano N, Aoki M, Suzuki S, Miyatake K, Uchida H, Watanabe M. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 1762–1769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kins CF, Sengupta E, Kaltbeitzel A, Wagner M, Lieberwirth I, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. Macromolecules, 2014, 47: 2645–2658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yang Z, Zhou J, Wang S, Hou J, Wu L, Xu T. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 15015–15019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Li N, Leng Y, Hickner MA, Wang CY. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 10124–10133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Li Y, Xu T, Gong M. J Membr Sci, 2006, 279: 200–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dang HS, Weiber EA, Jannasch P. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 5280–5284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Choe YK, Fujimoto C, Lee KS, Dalton LT, Ayers K, Henson NJ, Kim YS. Chem Mater, 2014, 26: 5675–5682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ran J, Wu L, Ru Y, Hu M, Din L, Xu T. Polym Chem, 2015, 6: 5809–5826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tongwen X, Weihua Y. J Membr Sci, 2001, 190: 159–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang S, Xu T, Wu C. J Membr Sci, 2006, 269: 142–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Yan J, Hickner MA. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 2349–2356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Mondal AN, He Y, Wu L, Khan MI, Emmanuel K, Hossain MM, Ge L, Xu T. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 1022–1027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhu L, Pan J, Wang Y, Han J, Zhuang L, Hickner MA. Macromolecules, 2016, 49: 815–824

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. He Y, Pan J, Wu L, Zhu Y, Ge X, Ran J, Yang ZJ, Xu T. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 13417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Ran J, Wu L, Xu T. Polym Chem, 2013, 4: 4612–4620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ge Q, Ran J, Miao J, Yang Z, Xu T. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 28545–28553

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hou J, Wang X, Liu Y, Ge Q, Yang Z, Wu L, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2016, 518: 282–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pan J, Li Y, Zhuang L, Lu J. Chem Commun, 2010, 46: 8597–8599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gu S, Cai R, Yan Y. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 2856–2858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Han J, Peng H, Pan J, Wei L, Li G, Chen C, Xiao L, Lu J, Zhuang L. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2013, 5: 13405–13411

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Tsai TH, Ertem SP, Maes AM, Seifert S, Herring AM, Coughlin EB. Macromolecules, 2015, 48: 655–662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhu L, Zimudzi TJ, Li N, Pan J, Lin B, Hickner MA. Polym Chem, 2016, 7: 2464–2475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ertem SP, Tsai TH, Donahue MM, Zhang W, Sarode H, Liu Y, Seifert S, Herring AM, Coughlin EB. Macromolecules, 2015, 49: 153–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Yang Z, Hou J, Wang X, Wu L, Xu T. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2015, 36: 1362–1367

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hou J, Liu Y, Ge Q, Yang Z, Wu L, Xu T. J Power Sources, 2018, 375: 404–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Thomas OD,Soo KJWY, Peckham TJ, Kulkarni MP, Holdcroft S. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 10753–10756

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lin B, Qiu L, Qiu B, Peng Y, Yan F. Macromolecules, 2011, 44: 9642–9649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wang J, Li S, Zhang S. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 3890–3896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang Q, Li S, Zhang S. Chem Commun, 2010, 46: 7495–7497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Liu L, Li Q, Dai J, Wang H, Jin B, Bai R. J Membr Sci, 2014, 453: 52–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gu S, Cai R, Luo T, Chen Z, Sun M, Liu Y, He G, Yan Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 6499–6502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Noonan KJT, Hugar KM, KostalikIv HA, Lobkovsky EB, Abruña HD, Coates GW. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 18161–18164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Miyake J, Fukasawa K, Watanabe M, Miyatake K. J Polym Sci Part A-Polym Chem, 2014, 52: 383–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Zhu Y, He Y, Ge X, Liang X, Shehzad MA, Hu M, Liu Y, Wu L, Xu T. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6: 527–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Lin X, Wu L, Liu Y, Ong AL, Poynton SD, Varcoe JR, Xu T. J Power Sources, 2012, 217: 373–380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Mondal AN, He Y, Ge L, Wu L, Emmanuel K, Hossain MM, Xu T. RSC Adv, 2017, 7: 29794–29805

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yang Z, Liu Y, Guo R, Hou J, Wu L, Xu T. Chem Commun, 2016, 52: 2788–2791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Wu L, Xu T, Yang W. J Membr Sci, 2006, 286: 185–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Li Q, Liu L, Miao Q, Jin B, Bai R. Chem Commun, 2014, 50: 2791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Percec S. J Appl Polym Sci, 1987, 33: 191–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Bruson HA, MacMullen CW. J Am Chem Soc, 1941, 63: 270–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Dang HS, Jannasch P. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 21965–21978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Dang HS, Jannasch P. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 11924–11938

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Dang HS, Jannasch P. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 17138–17153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Dang HS, Jannasch P. Macromolecules, 2015, 48: 5742–5751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zhu L, Pan J, Christensen CM, Lin B, Hickner MA. Macromolecules, 2016, 49: 3300–3309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Jo J, Chi C, Höger S, Wegner G, Yoon DY. Chem Eur J, 2004, 10: 2681–2688

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Elabd YA, Hickner MA. Macromolecules, 2011, 44: 1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Li Q, Liu L, Miao Q, Jin B, Bai R. Polym Chem, 2014, 5: 2208–2213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Varcoe JR, Atanassov P, Dekel DR, Herring AM, Hickner MA, Kohl PA, Kucernak AR, Mustain WE, Nijmeijer K, Scott K, Xu T, Zhuang L. Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7: 3135–3191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lin CX, Wang XQ, Li L, Liu FH, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Liu QL. J Power Sources, 2017, 365: 282–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Yang Y, Knauss DM. Macromolecules, 2015, 48: 4471–4480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Xu T, Wu D, Seo SJ, Woo JJ, Wu L, Moon SH. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012, 124: 3511–3519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Li Y, Jackson AC, Beyer FL, Knauss DM. Macromolecules, 2014, 47: 6757–6767

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wu L, Xu T, Wu D, Zheng X. J Membr Sci, 2008, 310: 577–585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Si K, Dong D, Wycisk R, Litt M. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22: 20907

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Zou G, Wu W, Cong C, Meng X, Zhao K, Zhou Q. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 106237–106247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Jung B, Kim B, Yang JM. J Membr Sci, 2004, 245: 61–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Pandey RP, Thakur AK, Shahi VK. J Membr Sci, 2014, 469: 478–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Yang CC, Li YJ, Chiu SJ, Lee KT, Chien WC, Huang CA. J Power Sources, 2008, 184: 95–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Shi B, Li Y, Zhang H, Wu W, Ding R, Dang J, Wang J. J Membr Sci, 2016, 498: 242–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Matsumoto K, Fujigaya T, Yanagi H, Nakashima N. Adv Funct Mater, 2011, 21: 1089–1094

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ye YS, Cheng MY, Xie XL, Rick J, Huang YJ, Chang FC, Hwang BJ. J Power Sources, 2013, 239: 424–432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Merle G, Wessling M, Nijmeijer K. J Membr Sci, 2011, 377: 1–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Yan X, Zheng W, Ruan X, Pan Y, Wu X, He G. Chin J Chem Eng, 2016, 24: 558–571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Zhang S, Wu C, Xu T, Gong M, Xu X. J Solid State Chem, 2005, 178: 2292–2300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kickelbick G. Prog Polymer Sci, 2003, 28: 83–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Li Y, He G, Wang S, Yu S, Pan F, Wu H, Jiang Z. J Mater Chem A, 2013, 1: 10058–10077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Wu Y, Wu C, Varcoe JR, Poynton SD, Xu T, Fu Y. J Power Sources, 2010, 195: 3069–3076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Luo J, Wu C, Wu Y, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2010, 347: 240–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Li H, Wu J, Zhao C, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Shao K, Xu D, Lin H, Han M, Na H. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34: 8622–8629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Sun F, Wu C, Wu Y, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2014, 450: 103–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Wu B, Ge L, Yu D, Hou L, Li Q, Yang Z, Xu T. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 14545–14549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Li Q, Liu L, Liang S, Dong Q, Jin B, Bai R. RSC Adv, 2013, 3: 13477–13485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ran J, Hu M, Yu D, He Y, Shehzad MA, Wu L, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2016, 520: 630–638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Xu Tw, Yang Wh, He Bl. Chin J Polym Sci, 2002, 20: 53–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Huang RYM, Kim JJ. J Appl Polym Sci, 1984, 29: 4017–4027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Wang C, Huang Y, Cong G. Polym J, 1995, 27: 173–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kim B, Jung B. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2004, 25: 1263–1267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wu D, Wu L, Woo JJ, Yun SH, Seo SJ, Xu T, Moon SH. J Membr Sci, 2010, 348: 167–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Li C, Liu J, Guan R, Zhang P, Zhang Q. J Membr Sci, 2007, 287: 180–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Khodabakhshi AR, Madaeni SS, Xu TW, Wu L, Wu C, Li C, Na W, Zolanvari SA, Babayi A, Ghasemi J, Hosseini SM, Khaledi A. Sep Purif Tech, 2012, 90: 10–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Yun SH, Woo JJ, Seo SJ, Wu L, Wu D, Xu T, Moon SH. J Membr Sci, 2011, 367: 296–305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Wu D, Fu R, Xu T, Wu L, Yang W. J Membr Sci, 2008, 310: 522–530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Pan J, Ge L, Lin X, Wu L, Wu B, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2014, 470: 479–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Takimoto N, Wu L, Ohira A, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Polymer, 2009, 50: 534–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Zhang Z, Wu L, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2011, 373: 160–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Yan X, Sun J, Gao L, Zheng W, Dai Y, Ruan X, He G. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43: 301–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Kosmala B, Schauer J. J Appl Polym Sci, 2002, 85: 1118–1127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Schauer J, Albrecht W, Weigel T, Küdela V, Pientka Z. J Appl Polym Sci, 2001, 81: 134–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Wu L, Zhou D, Wang H, Pan Q, Ran J, Xu T. Fuel Cells, 2015, 15: 189–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Jiang R, Kunz HR, Fenton JM. J Electrochem Soc, 2006, 153: A1554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Cho CG, Jang HY, You YG, Li GH, An SG. High Perform Polym, 2016, 18: 579–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Debe MK. Nature, 2012, 486: 43–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Rikukawa M, Sanui K. Prog Polym Sci, 2000, 25: 1463–1502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Pan J, Chen C, Zhuang L, Lu J. Acc Chem Res, 2012, 45: 473–481

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Lu S, Pan J, Huang A, Zhuang L, Lu J. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 20611–20614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Arges CG, Ramani V. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2013, 110: 2490–2495

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Pan J, Chen C, Li Y, Wang L, Tan L, Li G, Tang X, Xiao L, Lu J, Zhuang L. Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7: 354–360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Chen N, Long C, Li Y, Wang D, Zhu H. J Membr Sci, 2018, 552: 51–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Chen N, Long C, Li Y, Lu C, Zhu H. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10: 15720–15732

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Yang Z, Guo R, Malpass-Evans R, Carta M, McKeown NB, Guiver MD, Wu L, Xu T. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 11499–11502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Chempath S, Einsla BR, Pratt LR, Macomber CS, Boncella JM, Rau JA, Pivovar BS. J Phys Chem C, 2008, 112: 3179–3182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Macomber CS, Boncella JM, Pivovar BS, Rau JA. J Therm Anal Calorim, 2008, 93: 225–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Ye Y, Elabd YA. Macromolecules, 2011, 44: 8494–8503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Lin B, Dong H, Li Y, Si Z, Gu F, Yan F. Chem Mater, 2013, 25: 1858–1867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Price SC, Williams KS, Beyer FL. ACS Macro Lett, 2014, 3: 160–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Hugar KM,Kostalik Iv HA, Coates GW. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 8730–8737

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Zha Y, Disabb-Miller ML, Johnson ZD, Hickner MA, Tew GN. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 4493–4496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Gu S, Wang J, Kaspar RB, Fang Q, Zhang B, Bryan Coughlin E, Yan Y. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 11668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  129. Chen N, Zhu H, Chu Y, Li R, Liu Y, Wang F. Polym Chem, 2017, 8: 1381–1392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Mohanty AD, Bae C. J Mater Chem A, 2014, 2: 17314–17320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Ran J, Wu L, He Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Jiang C, Ge L, Bakangura E, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2017, 522: 267–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Xia L, Yu L, Hu D, Chen GZ. Mater Chem Front, 2017, 1: 584–618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. He Y, Pan J, Wu L, Ge L, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2015, 491: 45–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Khan MI, Wu L, Hossain MM, Pan J, Ran J, Mondal AN, Xu T. Membr Water Treat, 2015, 6: 365–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Ge L, Mondal AN, Liu X, Wu B, Yu D, Li Q, Miao J, Ge Q, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2017, 536: 11–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Lin X, Shamsaei E, Kong B, Liu JZ, Xu T, Wang H. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 24000–24007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Lin X, Shamsaei E, Kong B, Liu JZ, Hu Y, Xu T, Wang H. J Membr Sci, 2016, 502: 76–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Miao J, Yao L, Yang Z, Pan J, Qian J, Xu T. Sep Purif Tech, 2015, 141: 307–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Miao J, Li X, Yang Z, Jiang C, Qian J, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2016, 498: 201–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Cui M, Wu Y, Ran J, Xu T. Desalination Water Treatment, 2015, 54: 2627–2637

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Mondal AN, Dai C, Pan J, Zheng C, Hossain MM, Khan MI, Wu L, Xu T. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 15944–15954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Wu L, Zhao Y, Ge L, Yang Z, Jiang C, Xu T. Chem Eng Sci, 2015, 135: 526–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Liu Y, Pan Q, Wang Y, Zheng C, Wu L, Xu T. Sep Purif Tech, 2015, 156: 226–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Pan Q, Hossain MM, Yang Z, Wang Y, Wu L, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2016, 515: 115–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Shahi VK, Thampy SK, Rangarajan R. Reactive Funct Polym, 2000, 46: 39–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Ge L, Liu X, Wang G, Wu B, Wu L, Bakangura E, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2015, 475: 273–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Hou L, Pan J, Yu D, Wu B, Mondal AN, Li Q, Ge L, Xu T. J Membr Sci, 2017, 528: 243–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Khan MI, Mondal AN, Tong B, Jiang C, Emmanuel K, Yang Z, Wu L, Xu T. Desalination, 2016, 391: 61–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Wilhelm FG. Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis. Twente: Twente University Press, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  150. Strathmann H, Krol JJ, Rapp HJ, Eigenberger G. J Membr Sci, 1997, 125: 123–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Lobyntseva E, Kallio T, Kontturi K. Electrochim Acta, 2006, 51: 1165–1171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Xu T, Fu R, Yang W, Xue Y. J Membr Sci, 2006, 279: 282–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Pan J, Hou L, Wang Q, He Y, Wu L, Mondal AN, Xu T. Mater Chem Phys, 2017, 186: 484–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Chen G, Xu T, Liu J. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008, 109: 1447–1453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21506201, 21720102003, 91534203), the Key Technologies R&D Program of Anhui Province (17030901079), K. C. Wong Education Foundation (2016–11) and International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (21134ky5b20170010).

Author information

Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Jiahui Zhou, Peipei Zuo, Yahua Liu, Zhengjin Yang & Tongwen Xu

Authors
  1. Jiahui Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peipei Zuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yahua Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhengjin Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tongwen Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhengjin Yang or Tongwen Xu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, J., Zuo, P., Liu, Y. et al. Ion exchange membranes from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and related applications. Sci. China Chem. 61, 1062–1087 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9296-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9296-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation