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Theoretical insights into the [4 + 2]/retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition approach to the synthesis of biaryls and polycyclic aromatics

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Abstract

A domino [4 + 2]/retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition process of cyclohexadienes with arylethynes or benzyne providing access to biaryls and polycyclic aromatics has been studied theoretically using density functional theory calculations. It has been found that the initial Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction acts as the rate-determining step and the consequent [4 + 2] cycloreversion reaction is feasible under the conditions used. Furthermore, the D-A reaction affects the regioselectivity, the origin of which is essentially derived from the good match of orbital coefficients between dienes and dienophiles as shown by using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory. Further investigation of the reactivity reveals that the reactions are predicted to fail to occur if an electron-donor group in the diene or an electron-acceptor group in the dienophile is lacking, as a consequence of the increased FMO energy gap. By further exploring the scope of substrates computationally, benzyne as an active dienophile was predicted to react with a variety of dienes in a cascade reaction under mild conditions with a low energy barrier, with the rate-determining step being the retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    XinYao Li & JiaXi Xu

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Li, X., Xu, J. Theoretical insights into the [4 + 2]/retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition approach to the synthesis of biaryls and polycyclic aromatics. Sci. China Chem. 56, 633–640 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-012-4821-5

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