Skip to main content
Log in

Stimulus responsive fluorescent hyperbranched polymers and their applications

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Science China Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fluorescent hyperbranched polymers (FHBPs), which combine the versatile fluorescent property with unique characteristics of hyperbranched architecture, are desirable candidates for stimulus responsive materials. This review demonstrates the structure and environment-dependent emission behaviors of a series of FHBPs. AEE active FHBPs showing opposite performance to ACQ effect are used to sensitively detect explosives and a superamplification effect is found. Specially designed FHBPs can complex with metal ions, leading to fluorescence turn-off due to complex quenching effect. The protonation of amino-containing FHBPs exhibits pH-dependent fluorescence responses to solution acidity. Some FHBPs containing responsive moieties are photo- and thermo-sensitive, and show potential applications as smart materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kim YH, Webster OW. Water soluble hyperbranched polyphenylene: A unimolecular micelle? J Am Chem Soc, 1990, 112: 4592–4593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mathias LJ, Carothers TW. Hyperbranched poly(siloxysi1anes). J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113: 4043–4044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim YH. Hyperbranched polymers 10 years after. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 1998, 36: 1685–1698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Voit B. New developments in hyperbranched polymers. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2000, 38: 2505–2525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gao C, Yan D. Hyperbranched polymers: from synthesis to applications. Prog Polym Sci, 2004, 29: 183–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Häussler M, Tang BZ. Functional hyperbranched macromolecules constructed from acetylenic triple-bond building blocks. Adv Polym Sci, 2007, 209: 1–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Voit BI, Lederer A. Hyperbranched and highly branched polymer architectures synthetic strategies and major characterization aspects. Chem Rev, 2009, 109: 5924–5973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhai J, Li YS, He QG, Jiang L, Bai FL. Formation of covalently linked self-assembled films of a functional hyperbranched conjugated poly(phenylene vinylene). J Phys Chem B, 2001, 105: 4094–4098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yang J L, Lin H Z, He Q G, Ling L S, Zhu C F, Bai F L. Composition of hyperbranched conjugated polymers with nanosized cadmium sulfide particles. Langmuir, 2001, 17: 5978–5983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Häussler M, Zheng RH, Lam JWY, Tong H, Dong HC, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched polyynes: syntheses, photoluminescence, light refraction, thermal curing, metal complexation, pyrolytic ceramization, and soft magnetization. J Phys Chem B, 2004, 108: 10645–10650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ziemer A, Azizi M, Pleul D, Simon F, Michel S, Kreitschmann M, Kierkus P, Voit B, Grundke K. Influence of Hyperbranched polyesters on the surface tension of polyols. Langmuir, 2004, 20: 8096–8102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yates CR, Hayes W. Synthesis and applications of hyperbranched polymers. Eur Polym J, 2004, 40: 1257–1281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu CH, Gao C, Yan DY. Honeycomb-patterned photoluminescent films fabricated by self-assembly of hyperbranched polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 4128–4131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Häussler M, Lam JWY, Qin AJ, Tse KKC, Li MKS, Liu JZ, Jim CKW, Gao P, Tang BZ. Metallized hyperbranched polydiyne: A photonic material with a large refractive index tunability and a spin-coatable catalyst for facile fabrication of carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun, 2007, 2584–2586

  15. Perumal O, Khandare J, Kolhe P, Kannan S, Lieh-Lai M, Kannan RM. Effects of branching architecture and linker on the activity of hyperbranched polymer-drug conjugates. Bioconj Chem, 2009, 20: 842–846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gao H, Yorifuji D, Wakita J, Jiang ZH, Ando S. In situ preparation of nano ZnO/hyperbranched polyimide hybrid film and their optical properties. Polymer, 2010, 51: 3173–3180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Baek JB, Chien LC. Synthesis and photoluminescence of linear and hyperbranched polyethers containing phenylquinoxaline units and flexible aliphatic spacers. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2004, 42: 3587–3603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jiang GH, Wang Y, Sun XK, Shen JJ. Facile one-pot approach for preparing fluorescent and biodegradable hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s. Polym Chem, 2010, 1: 618–620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Häussler M, Dong HC, Lam JWY, Zheng RH, Qin AJ, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched conjugative macromolecules constructed from triple-bond building blocks. Chin J Polym Sci, 2005, 23: 567–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Häussler M, Qin AJ, Tang BZ. Acetylenes with multiple triple bonds: A group of versatile an-type building blocks for the construction of functional hyperbranched polymers. Polymer, 2007, 48: 6181–6204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Häussler M, Lam JWY, Zheng RH, Peng H, Luo JD, Chen JW, Law CCW, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched polyarylenes. C R Chimie, 2003, 6: 833–842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Qin AJ, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Click polymerization. Chem Soc Rev, 2010, 39: 2522–2544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Qin AJ, Lam JWY, Jim CKW, Zhang L, Yan JJ, Häussler M, Liu JZ, Dong YQ, Liang DH, Chen EQ, Jia GC, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched polytriazoles: click polymerization, regioisomeric structure, light emission, and fluorescent patterning. Macromolecules, 2008, 41: 3808–3822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang HQ, Song N, Li HY, Li YF, Li XY. Synthesis and characterization of a partial-conjugated hyperbranched poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (HPPV). Synth Met, 2005, 151: 279–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Peng H, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Facile synthesis, high thermal stability, and unique optical properties of hyperbranched polyarylenes. Polymer, 2005, 46: 5746–5751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Häussler M, Liu JZ, Lam JWY, Qin AJ, Zheng RH, Tang BZ. Polycyclotrimerization of aromatic diynes: synthesis, thermal stability, and light-emitting properties of hyperbranched polyarylenes. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2007, 45: 4249–4263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Qu JQ, Shiotsuki M, Kobayashi N, Sanda F, Masuda T. Synthesis and properties of carbazole-based hyperbranched conjugated polymers. Polymer, 2007, 48: 6481–6490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Häussler M, Liu JZ, Zheng RH, Lam JWY, Qin AJ, Tang BZ. Synthesis, thermal stability, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of hyperbranched polyarylenes containing carbazole and/or fluorene moieties. Macromolecules, 2007, 40: 1914–1925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Luo J, Xie Z, Lam JWY, Cheng L, Chen H, Qiu C, Kwok HS, Zhan X, Liu Y, Zhu D, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole. Chem Commun, 2001, 1740–1741

  30. Tang BZ, Zhan X, Yu G, Lee PPS, Liu Y, Zhu D. Efficient blue emission from siloles. J Mater Chem, 2001, 11, 2974–2978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hong YN, Feng C, Liu JZ, Lam JWY, Faisal M, Ng KM, Luo KQ, Tang BZ. Synthesis of an AIE-active fluorogen and its application in cell imaging. Sci China Ser B: Chem, 2009, 52: 15–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hong YN, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission: Phenomenon, mechanism and applications. Chem Commun, 2009, 4332–4353

  33. Xu KT, Peng H, Sun Q H, Dong YP, Salhi F, Luo JD, Chen JW, Huang Yi, Zhang DZ, Xu ZD, Tang BZ. Polycyclotrimerization of diynes: Synthesis and properties of hyperbranched polyphenylenes. Macromolecules, 2002, 35: 5821–5834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Liu JZ, Zheng RH, Tang HY, Häußler M, Lam JWY, Qin AJ, Ye MX, Hong YN, Gao P, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched poly(silylenephenylenes) from polycyclotrimerization of A2-type diyne monomers: Synthesis, characterization, structural modeling, thermal stability, and fluorescent patterning. Macromolecules, 2007, 40: 7473–7486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu JZ, Zhong YC, Lam JWY, Lu P, Hong YN, Yu Y, Yue YN, Faisal M, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Wong KS, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched conjugated polysiloles: Synthesis, structure, aggregation-enhanced emission, multicolor fluorescent photopatterning, and superamplified detection of explosives. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 4921–4936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ding LJ, Hayakawa T, Kakimotoy MA. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane) possessing rhodamine B as terminal group. Polym J, 2007, 39: 551–557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mendez JD, Schroeter M, Weder C. Hyperbranched poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s. Macromol Chem Phys, 2007, 208: 1625–1636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sun MH, Bo ZS. Tuning the optical properties of hyperbranched polymers through the modification of the end groups. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2007, 45: 111–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Shanmugam T, Sivakumar C, Sultan NA. Hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched aromatic poly (ether-ester)s: synthesis, characterization, end-goup modification, and optical properties. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2008, 46: 5414–5430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gorodetskaya IA, Gorodetsky AA, Vinogradova EV, Rgrubbs RH. Functionalized hyperbranched polymers via olefin metathesis. Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 2895–2898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Saha A, Ramakrishnan S. Site-specific functionalization of hyperbranched polymers using “click” chemistry. Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 4028–4037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kub C, Tolosa J, Zucchero AJ, McGrier PL, Subramani C, Khorasani A, Rotello VM, Bunz UHF. Hyperbranched conjugated polymers: Postfunctionalization. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 2124–2129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ramkumar SG, Amalarose KA, Ramakrishnan S. Direct synthesis of terminally “clickable” linear and hyperbranched polyesters. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010, 48: 3200–3208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pu KY, Li K, Shi JB, Liu B. Fluorescent single-molecular core-shell nanospheres of hyperbranched conjugated polyelectrolyte for live-cell imaging. Chem Mater, 2009, 21: 3816–3822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Tziveleka LA, Kontoyianni C, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM. Novel functional hyperbranched polyether polyols as prospective drug delivery systems. Macromol Biosci, 2006, 6: 161–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Yang JL, He QG, Lin HZ, Fan JJ, Bai FL. Characteristics of twisted intramolecular charge: Transfer state in a hyperbranched conjugated polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2001, 22: 1152–1157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Taranekar P, Qiao Q, Jiang H, Ghiviriga I, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR. Hyperbranched conjugated polyelectrolyte bilayers for solar-cell applications. J Am Chem Soc, 2007, 129: 8958–8959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. He QG, Huang HM, Sun QJ, Lin HZ, Yang JL, Bai FL. A novel hyperbranched conjugated polymer for light emitting devices. Polym Adv Technol, 2004, 15: 43–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Khotina IA, Lepnev LS, Burenkova NS, Valetsky PM, Vitukhnovsky AG. Phenylene dendrimers and novel hyperbranched polyphenylenes as lightemissive materials for blue OLEDs. J Lumi. 2004, 110: 232–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Zheng RH, Häussler M, Dong HC, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Synthesis, structural characterization, and thermal and optical properties of hyperbranched poly(aminoarylene)s. Macromolecules, 2006, 39: 7973–7984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Peng Q, Yan LS, Chen DZ, Wang FZ, Wang P, Zou DC. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyfluorenes containing triarylpyrazoline cores towards efficient blue light-emitting diodes. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2007, 45: 5296–5307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Tsai LR, Chen Y. Hyperbranched copolyfluorene from a 2,4,7-trifunctional fluorene monomer. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2007, 45: 5541–5551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Tsai LR, Chen Y. Hyperbranched and thermally cross-linkable oligomer from a new 2,5,7-tri-functional fluorene monomer. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2008, 46: 70–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wu YG, Hao XH, Wu JL, Jin J, Ba XW. Pure blue-light-emitting materials: Hyperbranched ladder-type poly(p-phenylene)s containing truxene units. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 731–738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Peng H, Cheng L, Luo JD, Xu KT, Sun QH, Dong YP, Salhi F, Lee PPS, Chen JW, Tang BZ. Simple synthesis, outstanding thermal stability, and tunable light-emitting and optical-limiting properties of functional hyperbranched polyarylenes. Macromolecules, 2002, 35: 5349–5351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Chen JW, Peng H, Law CCW, Dong YP, Lam JWY, Williams ID, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched poly(phenylenesilolene)s: Synthesis, thermal stability, electronic conjugation, optical power limiting, and cooling-enhanced light emission. Macromolecules, 2003, 36: 4319–4327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Peng H, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene)s: synthesis, thermal stability and optical properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005, 26: 673–677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hua JL, Li B, Meng FS, Ding F, Qian SX, Tian H. Two-photon absorption properties of hyperbranched conjugated polymers with triphenylamine as the core. Polymer, 2004, 45: 7143–7149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Jiang YH, Wang YC, Hua JL, Qu SY, Qian SQ, Tian H. Synthesis and two-photon absorption properties of hyperbranched diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole polymer with triphenylamine as the core. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009, 47: 4400–4408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Castro-Beltran R, Ramos-Ortiz G, Jim CKW, Maldonado JL, Häussler M, Peralta-Dominguez D, Meneses-Nava MA, Barbosa-Garcia O, Tang BZ. Optical nonlinearities in hyperbranched polyyne studied by two-photon excited fluorescence and third-harmonic generation spectroscopy. Appl Phys B, 2009, 97: 489–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Qin AJ, Lam JWY, Dong HC, Lu WX, Jim CKW, Dong YQ, Häussler M, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Wong GKL, Tang BZ. Metal-free, regioselective diyne polycyclotrimerization: Synthesis, photoluminescence, solvatochromism, and two-photon absorption of a triphenylamine-containing hyperbranched poly(aroylarylene). Macromolecules, 2007, 40: 4879–4886

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Yang Z, Li N, Xia AD, He QG, Lin HZ, Bai FL. Spectroscopic characteristics of hyperbranched conjugated polymers studied by one- and two-photon excitations. Chin J Chem Phys, 2007, 20: 500–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Feng JC, Li Y, Yang MJ. A novel hyperbranched copolymer constituted of triphenylamine and divinyl bipyridyl units. Eur Polym J, 2008, 44: 3314–3319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Thomas III SW, Joly GD, Swager TM. Chemical sensors based on amplifying fluorescent conjugated polymers. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 1339–1386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Toal SJ, Trogler WC. Polymer sensors for nitroaromatic explosives detection. J Mater Chem, 2006, 16: 2871–2883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Liu JZ, Zhong YC, Lu P, Hong YN, Lam JWY, Faisal M, Yu Y, Wong KS, Tang BZ. A superamplification effect in the detection of explosives by a fluorescent hyperbranched poly(silylenephenylene) with aggregation-enhanced emission characteristics. Polym Chem, 2010, 1: 426–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Lu P, Lam JWY, Liu JZ, Jim CKW, Yuan WZ, Xie N, Zhong YC, Hu Q, Wong KS, Cheuk KKL, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission in a hyperbranched poly(silylenevinylene) and superamplification in its emission quenching by explosives. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2010, 31: 834–839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhao DH, Swager TM. Sensory responses in solution vs solid state: A fluorescence quenching study of poly(iptycenebutadiynylene)s. Macromolecules, 2005, 38: 9377–9384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Sanchez JC, DiPasquale AG, Rheingold AL, Trogler WC. Synthesis, luminescence properties, and explosives sensing with 1,1-tetraphenylsilole- and 1,1-silafluorene-vinylene polymers. Chem Mater, 2007, 19:6459–6470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tolosa J, Kub C, Bunz UHF. Hyperbranched: a universal conjugated polymer platform. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 4610–4612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Feng JC, Li Y, Yang MJ. Hyperbranched copolymer containing triphenylamine and divinyl bipyridyl units for fluorescent chemosensors. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009, 47, 222–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Yu JM, Chen Y. Multifunctional hyperbranched oligo(fluorene vinylene) containing pendant crown ether: Synthesis, chemosensory, and electroluminescent properties. Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 8052–8061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bai FL, He QG, Huang HM, Lin HZ, Yang JL. A hyperbranched dendritic sensory oligomer based on dibenzo-18-crown-6 receptors. Synthetic Metals, 2003, 137: 971–972

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mahapatra SS, Das U, Karak N. Effect of structure and concentration of polymer, metal ion and pH of the medium on the fluorescence characteristics of hyperbranched polyamines. J Lumin, 2008, 128: 1917–1921

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Mahapatra SS, Karak N. Fluorescent hyperbranched polyamine with s-triazine: synthesis, characterization and properties evaluation. Polym J, 2009, 41: 20–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Xu RL, Liu HW, Shi WF. Photofluorescence of hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide). J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2006, 44: 826–831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Gao C, Hou J, Yan DY, Wang ZJ. Preparation and characterization of fluorescent hyperbranched polyether. React Funct Polym, 2004, 58: 65–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Gao C, Yan DY. Preparation of fluorescent hyperbranched polymer materials by end-capping approach. Chinese Sci Bull, 2000, 45: 1760–1763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Cao L, Yang WL, Wang CC, Fu S. Synthesis and striking fluorescence properties of hyperbranched poly (amido amine). J Macromol Sci Part A: Pure Appl Chem, 2007, 44: 417–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wang X, He YJ, Wu JY, Gao C, Xu YH. Synthesis and evaluation of phenylalanine-modified hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s as promising gene carriers. Biomacromolecules, 2010, 11: 245–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Wang PL, Wang X, Meng K, Hong S, Liu X, Cheng H, Han CC. Thermal sensitive fluorescent hyperbranched polymer without fluorophores. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2008, 46, 3424–3428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pastor-Pérez L, Chen Y, Shen Z, Lahoz A, Stiriba SE. Unprecedented blue intrinsic photoluminescence from hyperbranched and linear polyethylenimines: polymer architectures and pH-effects. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2007, 28: 1404–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Barriau E, Pastor-Pérez L, Berger-Nicoletti E, Kilbinger AFM, Frey H, Stiriba SE. Systematic investigation of functional core variation within hyperbranched polyglycerols. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2008, 46, 2049–2061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Gao C, Yan DY, Zhang B, Chen W. Fluorescence studies on the hydrophobic association of pyrene-labeled amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(sulfone-amine)s. Langmuir, 2002, 18: 3708–3713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Gao C, Qian H, Wang SJ, Yan DY, Chen W, Yu GT. Self-association of hyperbranched poly(sulfone-amine) in water: studies with pyrenefluorescence probe and fluorescence label. Polymer, 2003, 44: 1547–1552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Mu JX, Zhang CL, Wu WC, Chen J, Jiang ZH. Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone)s with phenoxypheyl side group. J Macromol Sci Part A: Pure Appl Chem, 2008, 45: 748–753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Baek JB, Lyons CB, Tan LS. Macromolecular dumbbells: synthesis and photophysical properties of hyperbranched poly(etherketone)-b-polybenzobisthiazole-b-hyperbranched poly(etherketone) ABA triblock copolymers. J Mater Chem, 2009, 19: 4172–4182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Fu Q, Cheng LL, Zhang Y, Shi WF. Preparation and reversible photo-crosslinking/photo-cleavage behavior of 4-methylcoumarin functionalized hyperbranched polyester. Polymer, 2008, 49: 4981–4988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Grigoras M, Stafie L. Synthesis of hyperbranched conjugated copolymers containing triphenylamine and fluorene or thiophene moieties. High Perform Polym, 2009, 21: 304–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Xu MH, Pu L. Novel unsymmetrically hyperbranched polythiophenes with conjugation gradient. Tetrahedron Lett, 2002, 43: 6347–6350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Yang W, Pan CY. Synthesis and fluorescent properties of biodegradable hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2009, 30: 2096–2101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Rao VS, Samui AB. Phase behavior and photo-responsive studies of photoactive liquid crystalline hyperbranched polyethers containing benzylidene moiety. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009, 47: 2774–2786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Murali M, Samui AB. Synthesis, photochemical and phase behavior of linear and hyperbranched photoactive benzylidene liquidcrystalline polyesters. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2006, 44: 3986–3994

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to JingZhi Sun or Ben Zhong Tang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, J., Mei, J., Qin, A. et al. Stimulus responsive fluorescent hyperbranched polymers and their applications. Sci. China Chem. 53, 2409–2428 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-4106-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-4106-9

Keywords

Navigation