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Finite Element Analysis Examining the Effects of Cam FAI on Hip Joint Mechanical Loading Using Subject-Specific Geometries During Standing and Maximum Squat

  • Current Topics Concerning Joint Preservation and Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Hip
  • Published:
HSS Journal ®

Abstract

Background:

Cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can impose elevated mechanical loading in the hip, potentially leading to an eventual mechanical failure of the joint. Since in vivo data on the pathomechanisms of FAI are limited, it is still unclear how this deformity leads to osteoarthritis.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cam FAI on hip joint mechanical loading using finite element analysis, by incorporating subject-specific geometries, kinematics, and kinetics.

Questions:

The research objectives were to address and determine: (1) if hips with cam FAI demonstrate higher maximum shear stresses, in comparison with control hips; (2) the magnitude of the peak maximum shear stresses; and (3) the locations of the peak maximum shear stresses.

Methods:

Using finite element analysis, two patient models were control-matched and simulated during quasi-static positions from standing to squatting. Intersegmental hip forces, from a previous study, were applied to the subject-specific hip geometries, segmented from CT data, to evaluate the maximum shear stresses on the acetabular cartilage and underlying bone.

Results:

Peak maximum shear stresses were found at the anterosuperior region of the underlying bone during squatting. The peaks at the anterosuperior acetabulum were substantially higher for the patients (15.2 ± 1.8 MPa) in comparison with the controls (4.5 ± 0.1 MPa).

Conclusions:

Peaks were not situated on the cartilage, but instead located on the underlying bone. The results correspond with the locations of initial cartilage degradation observed during surgical treatment and from MRI.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings support the pathomechanism of cam FAI. Changes may originate from the underlying subchondral bone properties rather than direct shear stresses to the articular cartilage.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Matthew J. Kennedy, research associate of the Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory at the University of Ottawa; Andrew D. Speirs MD, research engineer of the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Ottawa Hospital; and Michel R. Labrosse, director of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, for their research contributions and insight. The authors wish to also acknowledge the funding contributions from the Hans K. Uhthoff Graduate Fellowship Award and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Disclosures

One or more authors (ML and PB) have received funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. One and more of the authors (PB) has or may receive payments or benefits from a commercial entity (Wright Medical Technology, Medacta) that may be perceived as a potential conflict of interest.

Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the reporting of this study, and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    K. C. Geoffrey Ng MASc & Mario Lamontagne PhD

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Gholamreza Rouhi PhD

  3. School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada

    Mario Lamontagne PhD

  4. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Paul E. Beaulé MD

Authors
  1. K. C. Geoffrey Ng MASc
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  2. Gholamreza Rouhi PhD
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  3. Mario Lamontagne PhD
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  4. Paul E. Beaulé MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Lamontagne PhD.

Additional information

The investigation was performed at the University of Ottawa, Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory.

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Ng, K.C.G., Rouhi, G., Lamontagne, M. et al. Finite Element Analysis Examining the Effects of Cam FAI on Hip Joint Mechanical Loading Using Subject-Specific Geometries During Standing and Maximum Squat. HSS Jrnl 8, 206–212 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-012-9292-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-012-9292-x

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