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The factor structure of the arabic version of the metacognitive awareness inventory short version: insights from network analysis

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Abstract

Metacognition awareness is a fundamental skill for the 21st century. Accurately measuring metacognitive awareness would be highly relevant regardless of age, background, or cognitive abilities. The current study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 19-item Metacognitive Awareness Inventory-Arabic version (MAI-A) in the general population of Saudi Arabia. The current study employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega (reliability), and average variance extracted and composite reliability (validity to evaluate the psychometric properties of MAI-A among a sample of the Arabian population. Measurement invariance across male and female samples had been conducted. Finally, the Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used to estimate the dimensional structure of the MAI. In the first step, quantitative face validity was presented to remove the one on the items because of poor indexes. So, the evaluated version was 18 items MAI. Also, the first-order and second-order CFA confirmed the 2-factor model. So, the 18-item MAI presented suitable internal consistency. Second-order average variance extracted validity showed suitable validity of the MAI-A. According to ∆CFI and ΔRMSEA, there was no gender invariance between males and females in the MAI-A structure. Finally, the EGA estimated a 3-dimensional structure of the MAI, which was different from the factor structure in the CFA. The MAI-A is a practical and cost-effective tool for evaluating metacognitive awareness in Arab populations. However, future studies should be conducted due to differences between traditional methods (CFA)I and novel methods (EGA) in extracting factors.

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Data availability

The corresponding author will send the anonymous data supporting the conclusions of the current study upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

MAI:

Metacognitive Awareness Inventory Scale

CFA:

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

χ2/DF:

Chi-square/Degree-of-Freedom Ratio

RMSEA:

Root Mean Square Error of Approximation

PCFI:

Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index

PNFI:

Parsimonious Normed Fit Index

GFI:

Goodness-of-Fit Index

IFI:

Incremental Fit Index

CFI:

Comparative Fit Index

SRMR:

Standardized root-mean-square residual

MAI:

metacognitive awareness inventory scale

CI:

confidence interval

Δ:

difference values

a:

Cronbach’s alpha coefficients

Ω:

McDonald’s omega coefficient

CR:

construct reliability

AVE:

average variance extracted

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, because of their continued support. Also, I wish to thank all the volunteer participants who participated in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Albandri Sultan Alotaibi

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  1. Albandri Sultan Alotaibi
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A.A was responsible for all the writing of the article and data collection.

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Correspondence to Albandri Sultan Alotaibi.

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The King Saud University Ethics Committee (KSU-HE-23-746) approved the current study procedures.

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Following approved procedures from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, the psychologist provided comprehensive information to the study participants regarding all aspects of the current research.

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Alotaibi, A.S. The factor structure of the arabic version of the metacognitive awareness inventory short version: insights from network analysis. Metacognition Learning (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-024-09384-z

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