Abstract
Aimed to improve the stiffness identification precision of 7-degree-of-freedom (Dof) collaborative robots (Cobots), an optimal configuration selection method for elastostatic calibration of robots is researched by the influencing factor separation method. Different from previous studies, this method can deal with the influence of redundant Dof on measurement configuration selection of redundant robotic manipulators. The independent influence of each joint on the inverse condition number which is selected as the evaluation criterion is analyzed through the orthogonal design experiment and the analysis of variance, and the optimal measuring configurations of robots for stiffness identification can be selected from joint space. Based on a 7-Dof Cobot SHIR5-III, static compliance simulations are performed to identify joint stiffness of the robot. Compared to identification results by using the configurations having large, medium and small inverse condition number, the effectiveness of this optimal configuration selection method is verified and the identification accuracy can be essentially improved with configurations having a large inverse condition number.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ISO: ISO/TS 15066 Robots and robotic devices—Collaborative robots. In, vol. ISO/TS 15066. International Organization for Standardization, Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, (2016)
Villani V, Pini F, Leali F, Secchi C (2018) Survey on human–robot collaboration in industrial settings: safety, intuitive interfaces and applications. Mechatronics 55:248–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2018.02.009
Hughes J, Gilday K, Scimeca L, Garg S, Iida F (2019) Flexible, adaptive industrial assembly: driving innovation through competition. Intel Serv Robot. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-019-00292-9
Albu-Schaffer A, Eiberger O, Grebenstein M, Haddadin S, Ott C, Wimbock T, Wolf S, Hirzinger G (2008) Soft robotics. IEEE Robot Autom Mag 15(3):20–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2008.927979
Lee D-H, Park H, Park J-H, Baeg M-H, Bae J-H (2017) Design of an anthropomorphic dual-arm robot with biologically inspired 8-DOF arms. Intel Serv Robot 10(2):137–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-017-0215-z
Mekaouche A, Chapelle F, Balandraud X (2015) FEM-based generation of stiffness maps. IEEE Trans Rob 31(1):217–222. https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2015.2392351
Dong C, Liu H, Yue W, Huang T (2018) Stiffness modeling and analysis of a novel 5-DOF hybrid robot. Mech Mach Theory 125:80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2017.12.009
Klimchik A, Pashkevich A, Chablat D (2019) Fundamentals of manipulator stiffness modeling using matrix structural analysis. Mech Mach Theory 133:365–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2018.11.023
Alici G, Shirinzadeh B (2005) Enhanced stiffness modeling, identification and characterization for robot manipulators. IEEE Trans Rob 21(4):554–564. https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2004.842347
Guo W, Guo W (2017) Structural design of a novel family of 2-DOF translational parallel robots to enhance the normal-direction stiffness using passive limbs. Intel Serv Robot 10(4):333–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-017-0229-6
Dumas C, Caro S, Garnier S, Furet B (2011) Joint stiffness identification of six-revolute industrial serial robots. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 27(4):881–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2011.02.003
Abele E, Rothenbücher S, Weigold M (2008) Cartesian compliance model for industrial robots using virtual joints. Prod Eng Res Devel 2:339–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-008-0118-0
Tsumugiwa T, Fukui Y, Yokogawa R (2014) Compliance measurement for the Mitsubishi PA-10 robot. Adv Robot 28(14):919–928. https://doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2014.899159
Zaeh MF, Roesch O (2014) Improvement of the machining accuracy of milling robots. Prod Eng Res Devel 8(6):737–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-014-0558-7
Dumas C, Caro S, Cherif M, Garnier S, Furet B (2012) Joint stiffness identification of industrial serial robots. Robotica 30(4):649–659. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263574711000932
Yang K, Yang W, Cheng G, Lu B (2018) A new methodology for joint stiffness identification of heavy duty industrial robots with the counterbalancing system. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 53:58–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2018.03.001
Klimchik A, Wu Y, Pashkevich A, Caro S, Furet B (2012) Optimal selection of measurement configurations for stiffness model calibration of anthropomorphic manipulators. Appl Mech Mater 162(162):161–170. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.162.161
Wu Y, Klimchik A, Pashkevich A, Caro S, Furet B (2012) Optimality criteria for measurement poses selection in calibration of robot stiffness parameters. In: ASME 2012 biennial conference on engineering systems design and analysis, pp 185–194
Guerin D, Caro S, Garnier S, Girin A (2014) Optimal measurement pose selection for joint stiffness identification of an industrial robot mounted on a rail. In: Paper presented at the 2014 IEEE/ASME international conference on advanced intelligent mechatronics, Besacon, France
Carbone G, Ceccarelli M (2010) Comparison of indices for stiffness performance evaluation. Front Mech Eng China 5(3):270–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-010-0023-z
Zhou J, Kang H-J, Ro Y-S (2010) Comparison of the Observability Indices for Robot Calibration considering Joint Stiffness Parameters. In: Huang D-S, McGinnity M, Heutte L, Zhang X-P (eds.) ICIC 2010 Communications in computer and information science, Berlin, Heidelberg 2010. Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications, pp 372–380. Springer, Berlin
Sciliano B, Khatib O (2016) Handbook of robotics. Springer, Cham
Bae J-H, Park J-H, Oh Y, Kim D, Choi Y, Yang W (2015) Task space control considering passive muscle stiffness for redundant robotic arms. Intel Serv Robot 8(2):93–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-015-0165-2
Klimchik A, Pashkevich A, Chablat D (2012) Stability of manipulator configuration under external loading. In: Paper presented at the ASME 2012 biennial conference on engineering systems design and analysis, Nantes, France
Klimchik A, Wu Y, Caro S, Furet B, Pashkevich A (2014) Geometric and elastostatic calibration of robotic manipulator using partial pose measurements. Adv Robot 28(21):1419–1429. https://doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2014.955824
Khan WA, Angeles J (2006) The kinetostatic optimization of robotic manipulators: the inverse and the direct problems. J Mech Des 128(1):168–178. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2120808
Tian Y, Wang H, Pan X, Hu M (2019) A solving method for the workspace dexterity of collaborative robot. ROBOT 41(3):298–306. https://doi.org/10.13973/j.cnki.robot.180429
Angeles J (2014) Fundamentals of robotic mechanical systems: theory, methods, and algorithms. Springer, Cham
Zhou L, Bai S (2015) A new approach to design of a lightweight anthropomorphic arm for service applications. J Mech Robot 7(3):031001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028292
Montgomery DC (2019) Design and analysis of experiments, 10th edn. Wiley, New York
Hu M, Wang H, Pan X, Tian Y (2017) Research on elastic deformation modeling of collaborative robots. In: Paper presented at the 2017 IEEE international conference on robotics and biomimetics, Macau, China
Hu M, Wang H, Pan X, Tian Y (2019) Optimal synthesis of pose repeatability for collaborative robots based on the ISO 9283 standard. Ind Rob Int J Robot Res Appl 46(6):812–818. https://doi.org/10.1108/IR-03-2019-0056
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51405482), the State Key Laboratory of Robotics (Grant No. 2014-Z09), the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGZD-EW-608-1) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51535008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Mingwei Hu, Hongguang Wang and Xinan Pan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mingwei Hu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Data transparency
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, M., Wang, H. & Pan, X. Optimal configuration selection for stiffness identification of 7-Dof collaborative robots. Intel Serv Robotics 13, 379–391 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-020-00322-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-020-00322-x