Abstract
Purpose
Soil acidification and magnesium (Mg) deficiency are common in tea gardens in southern China. The application of Mg fertilizer and biochar combined with fertilizer is considered as one of the effective agronomic measures to improve the soil environment and tea quality. In this study, the effects of application of biochar and Mg fertilizer on soil microbial community, chemical properties, and tea quality in strongly acidic tea gardens were investigated.
Materials and methods
A pot experiment was designed in a greenhouse with four treatments, namely CK (with no soil amendment), BF (with wood biochar), MF (with Mg fertilizer), and BMF (combined with wood biochar and Mg fertilizer). Soil and tea samples were collected after 1 year of treatment for determination soil chemical properties and tea quality indexes. Bacterial and fungal diversity and communities were determined by high-throughput sequencing technique.
Results and discussion
The results showed that BMF treatment could significantly increase soil pH from 4.62 to 5.46 and TN and TC contents from 1.75 g·kg−1 and 19.12 g·kg−1 to 2.18 g·kg−1 and 36.28 g·kg−1, respectively, compared with CK. In addition, the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities increased under BMF treatment, with the relative abundances of bacterial genera (Brevundimonas, Bradyrhizobium, Nitrospira, Acidobacteriota_Gp1, and Devosia) and fungal genera (Plectosphaerella, Mortierella, and Saitozyma) significantly increased. These genera were significantly positively correlated with tea quality. Furthermore, BMF treatment significantly improved tea quality, including tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, and water extract content, with the increasing ratios of 16.46%, 32.67%, 39.22%, and 22.54% compared with CK.
Conclusions
The results indicated that combined application of biochar and Mg fertilizer to acidic soils in tea garden could alleviate the soil acidification, improve the nutrients availability, increase soil microbial diversity, and promote the relative abundance of beneficial communities, thereby positively improving tea quality. Our research suggest that the co-application of biochar and Mg fertilizer with traditional fertilization is a potential fertilization practice in southern strongly acidic tea gardens.
Graphical Abstract
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Data availability
The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to Zhiqing Ecological Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. and Tianbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for providing fertilizer, and Guangxing Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Fujian Province for providing the trial site, as well as support of the Open Fund Project of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Processes in Red Soil Hilly Region.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877326) and the Public Welfare Project of Fujian Province (2022R1021003; 2022R1101).
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Hao GUO: conceptualization, data curation, writing original draft. Linyi CHEN: sample analysis, investigation, formal analysis. Yixiang WANG: writing—reviewing and editing. Qinghua LI: writing—reviewing and editing. Zhigang YI: supervision, writing-reviewing and editing. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• BMF significantly improved tea quality.
• BMF alleviated soil acidification and increased TN, TC, NH4+-N, and Ex-Mg.
• BMF changed soil microbial community and increased some beneficial microorganisms.
• BMF increased soil microbial genera positively correlating with tea quality, which might be an important factor potentially affecting tea quality.
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Guo, H., Chen, L., Wang, Y. et al. Combined application of biochar and magnesium fertilizer effectively improved the soil environment and the tea quality in southern strongly acidic tea garden. J Soils Sediments 23, 2798–2815 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03495-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03495-x