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Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of phosphorus forms, TOC, and TN in the sediments of Daye Lake, Central China

  • Sediments, Sec 1 • Sediment Quality and Impact Assessment • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

The dynamics of phosphorus in lake sediment have received much attention due to their potential to trigger eutrophication. This study was aimed to reveal the distribution pattern of phosphorus forms, total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC), estimate the contributions of different phosphorus forms to total phosphorus, and evaluate the ecological risks of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the sediments from Daye Lake, Central China.

Method

Thirty-nine surface sediment samples were collected in the dry season. TOC and TN were analyzed by an elemental analyzer. Phosphorus forms were determined based on the European standard SMT (Standard Measurements and Testing) method. The integrated pollution index method was used to assess the TN and TP pollution levels of sediment. The relationships between different phosphorus forms and TOC and TN in sediments were also discussed.

Result and discussion

TOC, TN, and TP contents in the sediments of Daye Lake were 0.96–6.15%, 859.8–5562.533 mg kg−1, and 973.06–7982.86 mg kg−1, respectively. The average contents of phosphorus in various forms were IP (1605.24 mg kg−1) > Ca-P (1093.39 mg kg−1) > OP (897.49 mg kg−1) > Fe/Al-P (523.79 mg kg−1). The contents of different phosphorus forms showed certain spatial differences due to the impact of human activities, agricultural, and industrial production. IP was the most important form of phosphorus in sediments, accounting for 49 ~ 63% of TP. TOC/TN ratio in the sediments ranged from 7.23 to 11.35, indicating that endogenous pollution was the main source. The results of TN and TP pollution in the surface sediments of Daye Lake evaluated by single pollution standard index method showed that the standard index of the TN (STN) ranged from 0.86 to 5.56 and the standard index of the TP (STP) ranged from 1.62 to 13.30. It indicated that N and P in sediments of Daye Lake were seriously polluted, and there was a potential risk of endogenous pollutant release which may further aggravate the eutrophication of water body.

Conclusion

The distribution of TN, TP, and TOC in the sediments showed a gradual decreasing trend from the downstream to the upstream in Daye Lake. TP in the sediments mainly existed in the form of IP. IP content was mainly influenced by Fe/Al-P and Ca-P. The ecological risk of nitrogen and phosphorous in the sediments was serious, and the water body was threatened by eutrophication.

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Data availability

All the data analyzed/generated are included and available in the manuscript.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (202110920004), the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (No. SKLLQG1935), the Key Project of Hubei Polytechnic University (No. 19XJK01Z), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41603117).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, China

    Zijian Qiu, Qian Liu, Ruiqi Zhang, Changlin Zhan, Shan Liu, Jiaquan Zhang, Hongxia Liu, Wensheng Xiao & Xianli Liu

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environment Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, China

    Changlin Zhan, Shan Liu, Jiaquan Zhang, Hongxia Liu, Wensheng Xiao & Xianli Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China

    Changlin Zhan

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  1. Zijian Qiu
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Contributions

Zijian Qiu: investigation; software; writing, original draft. Qian Liu: investigation; data curation. Ruiqi Zhang: investigation; software. Changlin Zhan: conceptualization; writing, review and editing; funding acquisition. Shan Liu: investigation; review and editing; supervision. Jiaquan Zhang: investigation; validation. Hongxia Liu: investigation, review and editing. Wensheng Xiao: review and editing; supervision. Xianli Liu: supervision.

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Correspondence to Changlin Zhan.

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Qiu, Z., Liu, Q., Zhang, R. et al. Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of phosphorus forms, TOC, and TN in the sediments of Daye Lake, Central China. J Soils Sediments 23, 1023–1036 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03398-3

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