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Bamboo-based agroforestry changes phytoremediation efficiency by affecting soil properties in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in heavy metal-polluted soil (Cd/Zn/Cu)

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Bamboo forests are usually managed to create one-story canopies suitable for agroforestry practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the remediation effects of Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) in different planting systems, pure and agroforestry, on heavy metal–contaminated (Cd/Zn/Cu) soil.

Methods

Two different cultivation systems, i.e., a pure Lei bamboo stand and bamboo-based agroforestry system, were established in the field. Soil and plant samples were collected 5 years after planting bamboo in the experimental area. The soil nutrients, root exudates, heavy metals, microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, and metal uptake in the harvestable parts were determined.

Results

Amounts of both Cu and Cd removed from the soil per plant in agroforestry were 1.4 times greater than those in pure forest, but there was no difference in Zn in the harvestable parts of plants from the two systems. Compared with non-rhizosphere soil, the rhizosphere soil showed lower relative polysaccharide content and hydrophobicity. The most dominant phyla of bacteria were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with average relative abundances of 30.8%, 22.3%, and 11.8%, respectively. Agroforestry significantly reduced the microbial diversity in bamboo rhizosphere but significantly increased the diversity in the non-rhizosphere, compared with pure forest. There was a strong correlation between soil organic matter (SOM) and genera. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and root exudate analysis showed that bamboo planting systems changed the soil functional groups and chemical composition.

Conclusion

Bamboo roots remove heavy metals from rhizosphere soil and transfer them in large quantities to the stems. Gemmata, Kaistobacter, Arthrobacter, Anaeromyxobacter, Thiobacillus, and Candidatus Solibacter were found to be related to heavy metal soil remediation by bamboo. Rhizosphere processes are important drivers of SOM decomposition and nutrient recycling, contributing to increased heavy metal removal and microbial community diversity. These findings provide insights into the soil characterization of phytoremediation using a bamboo-based agroforestry system.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Talent Development Program of China National Bamboo Research Center (ZXYC202202).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, People’s Republic of China

    Fangyuan Bian, Zheke Zhong, Xiaoping Zhang, Qiaoling Li & Zhiyuan Huang

  2. National Long-Term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310012, People’s Republic of China

    Fangyuan Bian, Zheke Zhong, Xiaoping Zhang, Qiaoling Li & Zhiyuan Huang

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  1. Fangyuan Bian
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  2. Zheke Zhong
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  3. Xiaoping Zhang
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Correspondence to Zheke Zhong.

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Bian, F., Zhong, Z., Zhang, X. et al. Bamboo-based agroforestry changes phytoremediation efficiency by affecting soil properties in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in heavy metal-polluted soil (Cd/Zn/Cu). J Soils Sediments 23, 368–378 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03303-y

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