Abstract
Purpose
Nitrogen (N) deposition and warming may influence microbially mediated processes and functioning of ecosystem. Our study aimed to examine how soil bacterial and fungal community composition, diversity, and interactions respond to N deposition and warming.
Materials and methods
High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to explore microbial community composition and diversity, and cohesion analysis was adopted to assess the microbial interactions after 11 consecutive years ammonium nitrate supplementation and warming in a desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, Northern China.
Results
Our results demonstrated nitrogen supplementation, warming, and N supplementation plus warming affected the bacterial and fungal community structures, and the effects were soil depth-dependent. N supplementation improved the relative abundance of copiotrophic groups (Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria) and restrained oligotrophic groups (Chloroflexi, Deltaproteobacteria, and Acidobacteria) at 0–2 cm depth. N supplementation plus warming significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota at 2–5 cm depth. N supplementation and N supplementation plus warming significantly reduced bacterial diversity. The redundancy analysis demonstrated that pH and N availability significantly contributed to the variation in bacterial and fungal community, respectively. N supplementation and warming simplified bacterial connectivity and improved positive cohesion: negative cohesion ratio, while warming increased fungal connectivity and reduced positive cohesion: negative cohesion ratio.
Conclusion
The effects of N supplementation and warming on bacterial and fungal community structure were soil depth-dependent. N supplementation and N supplementation plus warming reduced bacterial diversity. N supplementation and warming simplified bacterial interactions. The bacterial community was more sensitive to nitrogen supplementation and warming than fungal community.
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Abbreviations
- N:
-
Nitrogen
- T:
-
Warming
- NT:
-
Nitrogen supplementation plus warming
- RDA:
-
Redundancy analysis
- OTU:
-
Operational taxonomic unit
- TC:
-
Total carbon
- TN:
-
Total nitrogen
- PC:
-
Positive cohesion
- NC:
-
Negative cohesion
- FP/N:
-
Positive cohesion: |negative cohesion| ratio of fungi
- BP/N:
-
Positive cohesion: |negative cohesion| ratio of bacteria
- BTotal:
-
Bacterial total cohesion
- FTotal:
-
Fungal total cohesion
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Shen Sun for soil sampling.
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This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500365 and 31770499), the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Tianjin (15ZCZDSF00410), the National Science Foundation of Tianjin (18JCYBJC96500), and the Innovative Team of Grassland Resources from the Ministry of Education of China (IRT_17R59).
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Jia, M., Gao, Z., Huang, J. et al. Soil bacterial community is more sensitive than fungal community to nitrogen supplementation and climate warming in Inner Mongolian desert steppe. J Soils Sediments 23, 405–421 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03283-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03283-z