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Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and application rates on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Loess Plateau of China

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

After excessive application of chemical fertilizer in farmland can cause serious impact on the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the optimal application rate of maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in order to maintain the sustainable use of cultivated land. The objective of this study was to quantify the interaction effect of fertilizer type and N fertilizer application rate on maize grain yield, N uptake, N translocation, and N translocation efficiency.

Materials and methods

The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors (2 N fertilizer types × 5 N fertilizer application rates) in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The two N fertilizer types were urea and slow-release N fertilizer. The five N fertilizer application rates were 90 (N1), 120 (N2), 180 (N3), 240 (N4), and 300 (N5) kg N ha–1.

Results and discussion

The mean grain yield in slow-release N fertilizer was 21.3%, 25%, and 16.2% higher than that with urea fertilizer in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. Total plant N uptake in slow-release N fertilizer was 2.3%, 5.5%, and 3.3% higher than that with urea fertilizer at silking stage in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. Total N translocation under slow-release N fertilizer averaged over N fertilizer application rates and years was 9.3%, 22.9%, and 17.8% lower than observed under urea fertilizer in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Fertilizer type and N fertilizer application rate had significant effects on maize grain yield, N uptake, N translocation, and N translocation efficiency.

Conclusion

The combination of slow-release N fertilizer and moderate N fertilizer application rate (180 kg N ha–1) was the optimal strategy for increasing maize grain yield.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51809224). The funding bodies had no role in study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, decision to public, or writing of the manuscript.

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  1. College of Life Sciences, Yan‘an University, Yan‘an, Shaanxi, 716000, China

    Yingying Xing, Feiyao Mi & Xiukang Wang

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XW and YX conceived and designed research; FM conducted experiments; XW and YX collected and analyzed the data. XW wrote the manuscript; YX and FM provided valuable suggestions on the manuscript; XW and YX revised the manuscript; XW obtained funding and is responsible for this article. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiukang Wang.

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Xing, Y., Mi, F. & Wang, X. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and application rates on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Loess Plateau of China. J Soils Sediments 22, 1938–1958 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03210-2

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