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Distinct community composition and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in the high Arctic fjord sediments of Svalbard

  • Sediments, Sec 4 • Sediment-Ecology Interactions • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Though the process and players of nitrification are important in the ecology and biogeochemistry of Arctic fjords; there are very limited studies available on the ecology of ammonia oxidizers. Hence, we studied the abundance, diversity, and niche separation of ammonia oxidizers in the surface sediment of two high Arctic fjords (Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden) to explore their ecology in the Arctic system.

Materials and methods

Surface sediment samples were collected from eight stations (four stations from each fjord). The diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were analyzed using ammonia monooxygenase A (amoA) gene from the sediment metagenome. Environmental variables including bottom temperature and salinity, and sediment characteristics such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), and total organic carbon (TOC), were measured.

Results and discussion

AOA were more abundant than AOB in most of the samples and AOA/AOB ratios ranged from 0.63 to 17.11. AOA were dominated by Nitrosopumilus lineage (67.5%), followed by Nitrososphaera lineage (32.2%). Most of the AOB were affiliated with Nitrosospira lineage (82.2%), and comparatively lesser contribution (18.2%) was observed for Nitrosomonas. We could not observe comammox bacteria in our samples. The distribution of ammonia oxidizers had a significant influence with the total nitrogen and total organic carbon content.

Conclusions

Both AOA and AOB showed spatial variations in community composition within the fjords and between the fjords with a domination of freshwater/soil communities in the inner fjord stations. Freshwater and soil influx from glacial melt had a significant influence in controlling the environmental variables in the fjords which in turn regulated the distribution and niche selection of ammonia oxidizers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, NCPOR, Ministry of Earth Sciences, for support and encouragement. This work was carried out as a part of Indian scientific expedition to the Arctic-2017. We are grateful to Dr. C T Achuthankutty, Chief Scientist (Retd.), and Dr. Shanta Nair Chief Scientist (Retd.), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, for critically reviewing the manuscript for content and language. NCPOR contribution number: xxxx.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India

    P. V. Vipindas, T. Jabir, T. V. Rehitha & K. P. Krishnan

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  1. P. V. Vipindas
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  2. T. Jabir
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. PVV, TVR, and TJ conducted the laboratory experiments. PVV and TJ contributed in bioinformatics analysis. PVV and TVR analyzed the data. PVV wrote the manuscript under the supervision of KPK. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to K. P. Krishnan.

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Vipindas, P.V., Jabir, T., Rehitha, T.V. et al. Distinct community composition and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in the high Arctic fjord sediments of Svalbard. J Soils Sediments 21, 1890–1904 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02905-2

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