Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an innovative reusable adsorbent through adsorption-degradation sequence for antibiotic removal from water. The magnetite/mesoporous carbon adsorbent was prepared using a two-step method of (i) in situ impregnation of magnetite precursor during resorcinol formaldehyde polymerization and (ii) pyrolysis at elevated temperature (800 °C). XRD spectra confirmed that magnetite (Fe3O4) was the only iron oxide species present in the adsorbent, and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that its content was 10 wt%. Nitrogen sorption analysis showed that Fe3O4/carbon features a high fraction of mesopores (> 80 vol.%) and a remarkable specific surface area value (246 m2 g−1), outstanding properties for water treatment. The performance of the adsorbent was examined in the uptake of three relevant antibiotics. The maximum adsorption uptakes were ca. 76 mg g−1, ca. 70 mg g−1, and ca. 44 mg g−1 for metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. All adsorption curves were successfully fitted with Langmuir equilibrium model. The regeneration of adsorbent was carried out using Fenton oxidation under ambient conditions. After three consecutive runs of adsorption-regeneration, Fe3O4/carbon maintained its performance almost unchanged (up to 95% of its adsorption capacity), which highlights the high reusability of the adsorbent.
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All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its supplementary information.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank PT. HOME System Indonesia for the gift of commercial activated carbon. The authors thank the grant of Final Project Recognition of Universitas Gadjah Mada (Grant No. 2488/UN1.P.III/DIT-LIT/PT/2020).
Funding
This work was supported by the grant of Final Project Recognition of Universitas Gadjah Mada (Grant No. 2488/UN1.P.III/DIT-LIT/PT/2020).
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The study conception, design, and supervision were performed by Teguh Ariyanto and Imam Prasetyo. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Nova Yoga Pradana and Muhammad Hafish Nur Saif. Data evaluation was performed by Bagus Adjie Prasetyo. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Teguh Ariyanto. Review of the manuscript was performed by Macarena Munoz. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ariyanto, T., Pradana, N.Y., Saif, M.H.N. et al. Reusable adsorbent of magnetite in mesoporous carbon for antibiotic removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 35824–35834 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33658-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33658-3