Abstract
This study is to understand and analyze the development history, research hotspots, and research trends in the study of microbial diseases of cultural heritage through bibliometric analyses in order to fill the current gap of no literature review in this research field and to make certain contributions to the research in this field and the protection of cultural heritage. Bibliometric and visual analyses of the literature on cultural heritage microbial diseases in the Web of Science (WoS) core collection were carried out using VOSviewer and R-bibliometrix, choosing the two main literature types of papers and reviews. The emphasis was placed on analyzing and summarizing core research strengths, hotspots, and trends. Six hundred sixty-seven documents (573 articles and 94 reviews) were retrieved. αIn the WoS core collection, the first literature on cultural heritage microbial disease research was published in January 2000, and the annual number of publications from 2000 to 2009 did not exceed one; the annual number of publications from 2010 onwards increased rapidly, and after 2018, the number of publications per year exceeded 60, reaching 94 in 2020, which indicates that cultural heritage microbial disease research is booming. Our research showed that Italy, the USA, and China were the leading research countries, and Univ Milan was the institution with the most publications. International Biodeterioration &Biodegradation was the most published and co-cited journal, and Gu JD was the most prolific author. The research hotspots in the study of microbial diseases of cultural heritage mainly include biological degradation of cultural heritage; identification of diseased microorganisms and disease mechanisms; cultural heritage microbial disease prevention and control methods; monitoring, prevention, and control of diseased microorganisms in indoor air; antibacterial agents, especially essential oils, nanoparticles, and other safe and efficient antibacterial products research and development; and exploration of the mechanisms of biofilm protection of cultural heritage on cultural heritage surfaces. Monitoring and identifying cultural heritage microbial communities, identifying disease mechanisms, and researching safe and efficient bacteriostatic products such as essential oils and nanoparticles will be the main research directions in the field of cultural heritage microbial disease prevention and control in the future.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.
References
Artesani A, Di Turo F, Zucchelli M, Traviglia A (2020) Recent advances in protective coatings for cultural heritage-an overview. Coatings 10(3):217. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030217
Bastholm CJ, Madsen AM, Andersen B, Frisvad JC, Richter J (2022) The mysterious mould outbreak - a comprehensive fungal colonisation in a climate-controlled museum repository challenges the environmental guidelines for heritage collections. J Cult Herit 55:78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2022.02.009
Bastian F, Alabouvette C (2009) Lights and shadows on the conservation of a rock art cave: the case of Lascaux cave. Int J Speleol 38(1):55–60
Boniek D, de Abreu CS, dos Santos AFB, Stoianoff MAD (2021) Evaluation of microbiological air parameters and the fungal community involved in the potential risks of biodeterioration in a cultural heritage of humanity, Ouro Preto, Brazil. Folia Microbiol 66(5):797–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00880-2
Borrego S, Molina A (2019) Fungal assessment on storerooms indoor environment in the National Museum of Fine Arts, Cuba. Air Qual Atmos Hlth 12(11):1373–1385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00765-x
Cappitelli F, Catto C, Villa F (2020) The control of cultural heritage microbial deterioration. Microorganisms 8(10):1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101542
Carrillo-Gonzalez R, Martinez-Gomez MA, Gonzalez-Chavez MDA, Hernandez JCM (2016) Inhibition of microorganisms involved in deterioration of an archaeological site by silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis method. Sci Total Environ 565:872–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.110
Castillo IF, Guillen EG, Fuente JM, Silva F, Mitchell SG (2019) Preventing fungal growth on heritage paper with antifungal and cellulase inhibiting magnesium oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 7(41):6412–6419. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tb00992b
Choi JI, Yoon M, Kim D (2012) Gamma irradiation of cultural artifacts for disinfection using Monte Carlo simulations. Appl Rad Isotopes 70(11):2564–2568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.07.004
Ciferri O (2002) The role of microorganisms in the degradation of cultural heritage. Stud Conserv 47:35–45. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.2002.47.supplement-1.35
Crispim CA, Gaylarde CC (2005) Cyanobacteria and biodeterioration of cultural heritage: a review. Microb Ecol 49(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-1052-5
Cutler NA, Oliver AE, Viles HA, Ahmad S, Whiteley AS (2013) The characterisation of eukaryotic microbial communities on sandstone buildings in Belfast, UK, using TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 82:124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.03.010
De Filpo G, Palermo AM, Rachiele F, Nicoletta FP (2013) Preventing fungal growth in wood by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 85:217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.07.007
De la Rosa-Garcia SC, Fuentes AF, Gomez-Cornelio S, Zagada-Dominguez U, Quintana P (2018) Structural characterization of antifungal CaZn2(OH)(6)center dot 2H(2)O nanoparticles obtained via mechanochemical processing. J Mater Sci 53(19):13758–13768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2327-z
Duan YL, Wu FS, He DP, Gu JD, Feng HY, Chen T, Liu GX, Wang WF (2021) Diversity and spatial-temporal distribution of airborne fungi at the world culture heritage site Maijishan Grottoes in China. Aerobiologia 37(4):681–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-021-09713-8
Dyda M, Pyzik A, Wilkojc E, Kwiatkowska-Kopka B, Sklodowska A (2019) Bacterial and fungal diversity inside the medieval building constructed with sandstone plates and lime mortar as an example of the microbial colonization of a nutrient-limited extreme environment (Wawel Royal Castle, Krakow, Poland). Microorganisms 7(10):416. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100416
Favero-Longo SE, Viles HA (2020) A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection. World J Microb Biot 36(7):100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02878-3
Fonseca AJ, Pina F, Macedo MF, Leal N, Romanowska-Deskins A, Laiz L, Gomez-Bolea A, Saiz-Jimenez C (2010) Anatase as an alternative application for preventing biodeterioration of mortars: evaluation and comparison with other biocides. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 64(5):388–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.04.006
Gambino M, Ahmed MAAA, Villa F, Cappitelli F (2017) Zinc oxide nanoparticles hinder fungal biofilm development in an ancient Egyptian tomb. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 122:92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.05.011
Geweely NS (2022) A novel comparative review between chemical, natural essential oils and physical (ozone) conservation of archaeological objects against microbial deterioration. Geomicrobiol J 39(6):531–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2022.2043959
Gonzalez-Gomez WS, Quintana P, Gomez-Cornelio S, Garcia-Solis C, Sierra-Fernandez A, Ortega-Morales O, De la Rosa-Garcia SC (2018) Calcium oxalates in biofilms on limestone walls of Maya buildings in Chichen Itza, Mexico. Environ Earth Sci 77(6):230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7406-6
Gorbushina AA, Kort R, Schulte A, Lazarus D, Schnetger B, Brumsack HJ, Broughton WJ, Favet J (2007) Life in Darwin’s dust: intercontinental transport and survival of microbes in the nineteenth century. Environ Microbiol 9(12):2911–2922. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01461.x
Guillitte O, Dreesen R (1995) Laboratory chamber studies and petrographical analysis as bioreceptivity assessment tools of building materials. Sci Total Environ 167(1–3):365–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04596-s
Guo J, Gu DM, Zhao TT, Zhao ZH, Xiong YJ, Sun MZ, Xin C, Zhang YJ, Pei LX, Sun JH (2021) Trends in piezo channel research over the past decade: a bibliometric analysis. Front Pharmacol 12:668714. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.668714
Hou JH, Yang XC, Chen CM (2018) Emerging trends and new developments in information science: a document co-citation analysis (2009–2016). Scientometrics 115(2):869–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2695-9
Joseph E, Junier P (2020) Metabolic processes applied to endangered metal and wood heritage objects: call a microbial plumber. New Biotechnol 56:21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2019.11.003
Junier P, Junier E (2017) Microbial biotechnology approaches to mitigating the deterioration of construction and heritage materials. Microb Biotechnol 10(5):1145–1148. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12795
Ke LX, Lu CC, Shen R, Lu TT, Ma B, Hua YP (2020) Knowledge mapping of drug-induced liver injury: a scientometric investigation (2010–2019). Front Pharmacol 11:842. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00842
Konkol N, McNamara CJ, Mitchell R (2010) Fluorometric detection and estimation of fungal biomass on cultural heritage materials. J Microbiol Meth 80(2):178–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2009.12.008
Li YH, Huang Z, Petropoulos E, Ma Y, Shen Y (2020) Humidity governs the wall-inhabiting fungal community composition in a 1600-year tomb of Emperor Yang. Sci Rep-UK, 10(1), p 8421. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65478-z
Lu XJ, Lu CC, Yang YJ, Shi XF, Wang HB, Yang N, Yang KH, Zhang XJ (2021) Current status and trends in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the past 20 years (2000–2019): a bibliometric study. Front Pharmacol 12:624534. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.624534
Ma YT, Zhang H, Du Y, Tian T, Xiang T, Liu XD, Wu FS, An LZ, Wang WF, Gu JD (2015) The community distribution of bacteria and fungi on ancient wall paintings of the Mogao Grottoes. Sci Rep 5:7752. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07752
Martin-Sanchez PM, Novakova A, Bastian F, Alabouvette C, Saiz-Jimenez C (2012) Use of biocides for the control of fungal outbreaks in subterranean environments: the case of the Lascaux cave in France. Environ Sci Technol 46(7):3762–3770. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2040625
Onofri S, Zucconi L, Isola D, Selbmann L (2014) Rock-inhabiting fungi and their role in deterioration of stone monuments in the Mediterranean area. Plant Biosyst 148(2):384–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.877533
Othman M, Saada H, Matsuda Y (2020) Antifungal activity of some plant extracts and essential oils against fungi-infested organic archaeological artefacts. Archaeometry 62(1):187–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12500
Pinar G, Poyntner C, Lopandic K, Tafer H, Sterflinger K (2020) Rapid diagnosis of biological colonization in cultural artefacts using the MinION nanopore sequencing technology. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 148:104908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.104908
Polo A, Cappitelli F, Brusetti L, Principi P, Villa F, Giacomucci L, Ranalli G, Sorlini C (2010) Feasibility of removing surface deposits on stone using biological and chemical remediation methods. Microb Ecol 60(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-009-9633-6
Pop DM, Timar MC, Varodi AM, Beldean EC (2022) An evaluation of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil as a potential alternative antifungal wood protection system for cultural heritage conservation. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 24:1–16. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100411
Reeslev M, Miller M, Nielsen KF (2003) Quantifying mold biomass on gypsum board: comparison of ergosterol and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase as mold biomass parameters. Appl Environ Microb 69(7):3996–3998. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3996-3998.2003
Sabatini L, Sisti M, Campana R (2018) Evaluation of fungal community involved in the bioderioration process of wooden artworks and canvases in Montefeltro area (Marche, Italy). Microb Res 207:203–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.003
Sanmartin P, Carballeira R (2021) Changes in heterotrophic microbial communities induced by biocidal treatments in the Monastery of San Martino Pinario (Santiago de Compostela, NW Spain). Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 156:105130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105130
Santo AP, Cuzman OA, Petrocchi D, Pinna D, Salvatici T, Perito B (2021) Black on white: microbial growth darkens the external marble of Florence cathedral. Appl Sci 11(13):6163. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136163
Sawai J, Yoshikawa T (2004) Quantitative evaluation of antifungal activity of metallic oxide powders (MgO, CaO and ZnO) by an indirect conductimetric assay. J Appl Microbiol 96(4):803–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02234.x
Scheerer S, Ortega-Morales O, Gaylarde C (2009) Microbial deterioration of stone monuments–an updated overview. Adv Appl Microbiol 66:97–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00805-8
Sterflinger K (2010) Fungi: their role in deterioration of cultural heritage. Fungal Biol Rev 24(1–2):47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2010.03.003
Sterflinger K, Pinar G (2013) Microbial deterioration of cultural heritage and works of art - tilting at windmills? Appl Microbiol Biot 97(22):9637–9646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5283-1
Stupar M, Grbic ML, Dzamic A, Unkovic N, Ristic M, Vukojevic J (2014) Antifungal activity of Helichrysum italicum (ROTH) G. Don (Asteraceae) essential oil against fungi isolated from cultural heritage objects. Arch Biol Sci 66(4):1539–1545. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1404539S
Turnau K, Jedrzejczyk RJ, Wazny R, Chlebda D, Janicka M, Pawcenis D, Lojewski T (2020) Microbes of XVI century Arrases of Krakow Royal Castle. Microbiol Res 238:126485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2020.126485
Tyagi P, Verma RK, Jain N (2021) Fungal degradation of cultural heritage monuments and management options. Curr Sci 121(12):1553–1560. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v121/i12/1553-1560
Vadrucci M, Borgognoni F, Cicero C, Perini N, Migliore L, Mercuri F, Orazi N, Rubechini A (2019) Parchment processing and analysis: ionizing radiation treatment by the REX source and multidisciplinary approach characterization. Appl Rad Isotopes 149:159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.04.021
Veneranda M, Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Roselli G, Di Girolami G, Castro K, Madariaga JM (2018) Evaluating the exploitability of several essential oils constituents as a novel biological treatment against cultural heritage biocolonization. Microchem J 138:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.12.019
Vieto S, Escudero-Leyva E, Avendano R, Rechnitzer N, Barrantes-Madrigal MD, Conejo-Barboza G, Herrera-Sancho OA, Chaverri P, Chavarria M (2022) Biodeterioration and cellulolytic activity by fungi isolated from a nineteenth-century painting at the National Theatre of Costa Rica. Fungal Biol 126(2):101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2021.11.001
Wang WF, Ma YT, Ma X, Wu FS, Ma XJ, An LZ, Feng HY (2012) Diversity and seasonal dynamics of airborne bacteria in the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China. Aerobiologia 28(1):27–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9208-0
Wang X, Hu YL, Zhang Z, Zhang BJ (2022a) The application of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to control the biodeterioration of cultural heritage sites. J Cult Herit 53:206–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2021.12.002
Wang Y, Zhang FY, Wang C, Guo PF, Han YQ, Zhang YT, Sun BJ, Shan SJ, Ruan WB, Pan J (2022) Antifungal substances produced by Xenorhabdusbovienii and its inhibition mechanism against Fusarium solani. Int J Mol Sci 23(16):9040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169040
Wang Y, Wang C, Yang XY, Ma KX, Guo PF, Sun QR, Jia SL, Pan J (2022c) Analysis and control of fungal deterioration on the surface of pottery figurines unearthed from the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty. Front Microbiol 13:956774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.956774
Warscheid T, Braams J (2000) Biodeterioration of stone: a review. Int Biodeter Biodegr 46(4):343–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00109-8
Acknowledgements
The authors are all grateful to the editor and reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which improved the quality of the manuscript a lot.
Funding
This work was supported by the State Key Laboratory Project of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, China (grant number ES201916).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
WC and BF designed this study. WC, FM, and ZH performed the search. The data was collated and analyzed by WC, BF, FM, and ML. ZH rechecked the data. WC contributed to writing the original draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Michel Sablier
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Highlights
Monitoring and identifying cultural heritage microbial communities, identifying disease mechanisms, and researching safe and efficient bacteriostatic products such as essential oils and nanoparticles will be the main research directions in the field of cultural heritage microbial disease prevention and control in the future.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, W., Fu, B., Ma, F. et al. Hot spots and trends in microbial disease research on cultural heritage: a bibliometric analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 35908–35926 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33559-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33559-5