Abstract
Many studies have focused their attention on strategies to improve soil phytoremediation efficiency. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate whether Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES promote Cu-Cd-Cr uptake by ryegrass. To explore the effect mechanism of Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES, rhizosphere soil physiochemical properties and rhizosphere soil bacterial properties were determined further. The findings showed that Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES reduced 23.04% Cu, 36.85% Cd, and 9.85% Cr from the rhizosphere soil of ryegrass. Further analysis revealed that soil pH, organic matter, soil enzyme activities, and soil microbial properties were changed with Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES application. Notably, rhizosphere key taxa (Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, etc.) were significantly enriched in rhizosphere soil of ryegrass, and those taxa abundance were positively correlated with soil heavy metal contents (P < 0.01). Our study also demonstrated that in terms of explaining variations of soil Cu-Cd-Cr content under Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES treatment, soil enzyme activities (catalase and acid phosphatase) and soil microbe properties showed 42.5% and 12.2% contributions value, respectively. Overall, our study provided solid evidence again that Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES facilitated phytoextraction of soil Cu-Cd-Cr, and elucidated the effect of soil key microorganism and chemical factor.
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Data Availability
Data available on request from the authors.
Change history
23 April 2024
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33436-1
References
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Funding
This work was supported by key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development (Se-2021A01), the Opening Fund of National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization (Nanchang Hangkong University) (EL202280081), National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of IGGE (AS2022P03), the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University (ZD202101), the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (NK202101), the Opening Project of Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture (G2-KF2007).
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The study conception and design were performed by Xiaohu Zhao. Material preparation, data collection, analysis, and visualization were performed by Huan Zhang and Min Nie. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Huan Zhang. The manuscript was reviewed by Xiaoping Du, Suhua Chen, Hanliang Liu, Chihhung Wu, Yanni Tang, Zheng Lei, Guangyu Shi, and Xiaohu Zhao. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
1. Selenium and Bacillus proteolyticus SES increased soil Cu-Cd-Cr uptake by regress.
2. Selenium and Bacillus proteolyticus SES application changed soil physiochemical properties and rhizosphere microbe properties.
3. Soil enzyme activities and soil key bacterial taxa play a role in the decrease of soil Cu-Cd-Cr content.
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Zhang, H., Nie, M., Du, X. et al. Selenium and Bacillus proteolyticus SES increased Cu-Cd-Cr uptake by ryegrass: highlighting the significance of key taxa and soil enzyme activity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 29113–29131 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32959-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32959-x