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Concentration of metals and metalloids in livers of birds of various foraging guilds collected during the autumn migration period in Poland

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Abstract

During migration, birds explore various habitats at stopover sites that differ in food resources and contamination levels. In this study, hepatic concentrations of 21 elements (metals and metalloids) in 11 species of birds, representing various foraging habitats (such as aquatic, aquatic/terrestrial, and terrestrial) and migration modes (migratory and sedentary) representing various foraging guilds (omnivores, piscivores, and molluscivores), were analyzed. The samples (N = 84) were collected during the autumn migration period in Poland. The concentrations of elements determined in this study exhibited high inter-species variability, reflecting the diversity in contamination levels depending on food resources used by specific bird groups. Many of the investigated individuals from different species showed exceeded levels of subclinical toxicity and moderate clinical poisoning due to Cd and Hg. Higher concentrations of As, Hg, and Ba and lower V concentrations were found in migratory birds as compared to sedentary birds. Species foraging in terrestrial habitat had different concentrations of some elements compared to aquatic and aquatic/terrestrial species. Some specific inter-species differences in hepatic elemental concentrations were found. Differences in elemental concentrations among various groups can primarily be attributed to their foraging guilds, with certain elements, particularly As, V, and Hg, playing a significant role in the dissimilarity of elemental concentrations between foraging habitat groups and migratory mode groups. The data collected confirmed the limited ability of As to enter ecosystem pathways. The results of this study contribute to understanding the year-round exposure of migratory birds to environmental contamination, which can have carry-over effects on their performance in wintering and breeding grounds.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the veterinarians from local clinics and rehabilitation centers in Eastern and North Poland for their help in obtaining the research material. The study was performed with permissions (for the first author) from the General Directorate of Environmental Protection (DOPogiz -4200/III-7/107/09/ls) and Regional Directorate of Nature Protection in Lublin (WPN 6401.224.2014.MP). We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100, Chełm, Poland

    Ignacy Kitowski

  2. Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland

    Rafał Łopucki

  3. Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland

    Dariusz Wiącek

  4. Biodiversity Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1A, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland

    Grzegorz Pitucha

  5. Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627, Poznań, Poland

    Agnieszka Sujak

  6. Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland

    Dariusz Jakubas

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Contributions

I.K.—conceptualization, sample collection, formal analysis, and writing of manuscript; Ł.R.—statistical analyses and writing of manuscript; W.D.—measurements; P.G.—sample collection and writing of manuscript; A.S.—formal analysis and writing of manuscript; D.J.—conceptualization, statistical analyses, and writing of manuscript

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Correspondence to Agnieszka Sujak.

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This study included animal subjects. The study was performed with permissions (for the first author) from the General Directorate of Environmental Protection (DOPogiz-4200/III-7/107/09/ls) and Regional Directorate of Nature Protection in Lublin (WPN 6401.224.2014.MP). None of the birds studied were intentionally shot for research purposes, except for game Mallards, which were delivered to Authors by local hunters.

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Kitowski, I., Łopucki, R., Wiącek, D. et al. Concentration of metals and metalloids in livers of birds of various foraging guilds collected during the autumn migration period in Poland. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 21913–21934 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32502-y

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