Abstract
The increasing automobile repair industries (ARIs) with spray facilities have become an important volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution source in China. However, the VOC health risk assessment for long-term exposure in ARIs has not been well characterized. In this study, though sampled VOCs from 51 typical ARIs in Beijing, the relationship between emission patterns, average daily exposure concentrations (EC), and health risks was comprehensively analyzed with the health assessment method. Results showed that concentrations of 117 VOCs from the samples ranged from 68.53 to 19863.32 μg·m−3, while the ARI operator’s daily VOC inhalation EC was 11.24–1460.70 μg·m−3. The organic VOC (OVOC) concentration accounted for 73.16 ~ 94.52% in the solvent-based paint workshops, while aromatics were the main VOC component in water-based paint spraying (WPS) workshops, accounting for 70.08%, respectively. And the method of inhalation exposure health risk assessment was firstly used to evaluate carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity risk for sprayers in ARIs. The cumulative lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) for 24 sampled VOCs were within acceptable ranges, while the mean hazard index (HI) for 1 year with 44 sampled VOCs was over 1. Among them, ethyl alcohol had a high carcinogenic risk in both mixed water-based paint (MP) and solvent-based paint workshops. The mean HI associated with aromatics were 2.88E − 3 and 4.30E − 3 for 1 h in MP and WPS workshops. O-ethyl toluene and acetone are VOC components that need to be paid attention to in future paint raw materials and spraying operations. Our study will provide the important references for the standard of VOC occupational exposure health limits in ARIs.
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The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1806103), the Foundation of Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection (Y2020-011), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22176189), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design.
Conceptualization: Sha Chen
Methodology: Lei Nie
Formal analysis and investigation: Du Zhanxia and Zhen Yao
Writing — original draft preparation: Zhanxia Du
Writing — review and editing: Hanbing Li and Sha Chen
Funding acquisition: Lei Nie
Resources: Lei Nie and Sha Chen
Supervision: Xinmin Zhang and Yuting Liu
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Du, Z., Li, H., Nie, L. et al. High-solution emission characters and health risks of volatile organic compounds for sprayers in automobile repair industries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 22679–22693 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32478-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32478-9