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Assessing production–living–ecological spaces and its urban–rural gradients in Xiangyang City, China: insights from land-use function symbiosis

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Abstract

Understanding the formation process and pattern of production–living–ecological spaces (PLES) is crucial for sustainable land-use management and adaptive city governance. However, previous studies have neglected the symbiotic relationships between land-use functions (LUFs) in identifying and optimizing PLES. To address this gap, this paper proposes a technical framework for assessing PLES from a LUF symbiosis perspective. A case study was conducted in Xiangyang City, China, to identify PLES and analyze its urban–rural differentiation using the symbiosis degree model and landscape pattern indices. Our findings revealed that the symbiotic relationships between LUFs varied. There were 25 combination types of PLES in Xiangyang City, with significantly varied area proportions and spatial distribution. The landscape types and fragmentation of PLES increased along with the gradient change from the old urban area to the rural area. Furthermore, we proposed a PLES optimization strategy involving LUFs symbiosis and the urban–rural gradient. Our study enriches the dimensions of PLES assessment and supports better-coordinated planning and the protection of PLES.

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Data availability

The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42101282; 42201276); Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change (REEC-OF-202304), Research Fund of Institute of State Governance, Shandong University (23C05), Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources (2021CZEPK05), and National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (S202310511011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Political Science, College of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China

    Chao Liu, Fenghua Zhou & Ru Ai

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Chao Liu

  3. School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Qingke Yang

  4. School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Long Cheng

Authors
  1. Chao Liu
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  2. Qingke Yang
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  3. Fenghua Zhou
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  4. Ru Ai
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  5. Long Cheng
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Contributions

Chao Liu: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft and editing. Qingke Yang: writing—review and polish language. Fenghua Zhou: writing—review and editing, and supervision. Ru Ai: software and editing. Long Cheng: writing—review and polish language.

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Correspondence to Chao Liu or Fenghua Zhou.

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Liu, C., Yang, Q., Zhou, F. et al. Assessing production–living–ecological spaces and its urban–rural gradients in Xiangyang City, China: insights from land-use function symbiosis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 13688–13705 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31957-3

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