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Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in pea (Pisum sativum L.) through Zn−Lys supplementation and its effects on growth and antioxidant defense

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Abstract

Cadmium significantly impacts plant growth and productivity by disrupting physiological, biochemical, and oxidative defenses, leading to severe damage. The application of Zn-Lys improves plant growth while reducing the stress caused by heavy metals on plants. By focusing on cadmium stress and potential of Zn-Lys on pea, we conducted a pot-based study, organized under completely randomized block design CRD-factorial at the Botanical Garden of Government College University, Faisalabad. Both pea cultivars were grown in several concentrations of cadmium @ 0, 50 and 100 μM, and Zn-Lys were exogenously applied @ 0 mg/L and 10 mg/L with three replicates for each treatment. Cd-toxicity potentially reduces plant growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectants, and anthocyanin content; however, an increase in MDA, H2O2 initiation, enzymatic antioxidant activities as well as phenolic, flavonoid, proline was observed. Remarkably, exogenously applied Zn-Lys significantly enhanced the plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic attributes, osmoprotectants, and anthocyanin contents, while further increase in enzymatic antioxidant activities, total phenolic, flavonoid, and proline contents were noticed. However, application of Zn-Lys instigated a remarkable decrease in levels of MDA and H2O2. It can be suggested with recommendation to check the potential of Zn-Lys on plants under cadmium-based toxic soil.

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Funding

This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R93), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar

    Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Abida Parveen, Shagufta Perveen & Naheed Akhtar

  3. Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan

    Fozia Abasi & Maria Ehsan

  4. Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan

    Habib Ali

  5. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad K. Okla, Yasmeen A. Alwasel & Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud

  6. Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan

    Ibrahim A. Saleh & Naser Zomot

  7. Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad

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  1. Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Abida Parveen; methodology: Shagufta Perveen; software: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; validation: Naheed Akhtar and Fozia Abasi; formal analysis: Maria Ehsan; investigation: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; resources: Habib Ali and Mohammad K. Okla; data curation: Ibrahim A. Saleh; writing—original draft preparation: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Naser Zomot, Yasmeen A. Alwasel, and Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud; writing—review and editing: Shah Fahad; supervision: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; project administration: Naser Zomot, Yasmeen A. Alwasel, and Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud; and funding acquisition: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem. All the authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shah Fahad.

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Saleem, M.H., Parveen, A., Perveen, S. et al. Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in pea (Pisum sativum L.) through Zn−Lys supplementation and its effects on growth and antioxidant defense. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 10594–10608 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31874-5

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