Abstract
With the complete promotion of a green, low-carbon, safe, and efficient economic system as well as energy system, the promotion of clean governance technology in the field of environmental governance becomes increasingly vital. Because of its low energy consumption, great efficiency, and lack of secondary pollutants, three-dimensional (3D) electrode technology is acknowledged as an environmentally beneficial and sustainable way to managing clean surroundings. The particle electrode is an essential feature of the 3D electrode reactor. This study provides an in-depth examination of the most current advancements in 3D electrode technology. The significance of 3D electrode technology is emphasized, with an emphasis on its use in a variety of sectors. Furthermore, the particle electrode synthesis approach and mechanism are summarized, providing vital insights into the actual implementation of this technology. Furthermore, by a metrological examination of the research literature in this sector, the paper expounds on the potential and obstacles in the development and popularization of future technology.
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Data Availability
The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- 3D:
-
Three-dimensional
- ECOP:
-
Electro-catalytic oxidation process
- EBPE:
-
Electrobial particle electrode
- 3D-EBCR:
-
3D electrocatalytic biocoupling reactor
- 3D-EK:
-
Three-dimensional electrokinetic system
- EO:
-
Electrochemical oxidation
- CIP:
-
Ciprofloxacin
- 3D-CPE:
-
Three-dimensional catalytic particle electrode system
- GAC:
-
Granular activated carbon
- GZ:
-
Granular zeolite
- TBBPA:
-
Tetrabromobisphenol A
- 3DBER:
-
Three-dimensional bioelectrochemical reactor
- IBP:
-
Ibuprofen
- KSPEs:
-
Kaolin/steel slag particle electrodes
- NOR:
-
Norfloxacin
- FPE:
-
Flotation tailings particle electrode
- AC:
-
Activated carbon
- AB:
-
Acetylene black
- TN:
-
Total nitrogen
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- ACS:
-
S-doped activated carbon
- OTC:
-
Oxytetracycline
- SMT:
-
Sulfamethylthiadiazole
- BPA:
-
Bisphenol A
- PAC:
-
Powdered activated carbon
- PMMA:
-
Polymethyl methacrylate
- RhB:
-
Rhodamine B
- LEV:
-
Levofloxacin
- 3DAER:
-
3D electrocatalytic aeration reactor
- NPYR:
-
N-nitroso pyrrolidine
- CAs:
-
Carbon aerogel
- BET:
-
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
- NiF:
-
Nickel foam
- Cdl:
-
Double-layer capacitance
- ABC:
-
Algae biochar
- AO7:
-
Acid orange 7
- i-IEEBC:
-
In situ ion exchange electrocatalytic biological coupling
- EKR:
-
Electrokinetic remediation
- AC-HAP:
-
Activated carbon electrode
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Our work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51778267), Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 52293443, no. 52293444), and the Jilin Province Science and Technology Department Project (grant no. 20220203047SF, no. 20230101306JC).
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SL: data curation, methodology, and writing—original draft. BJ: investigation and writing—review and editing. YL: conceptualization, review, supervision, and funding acquisition. HY: conceptualization, review, and supervision. CS: data curation and validation. GL: data curation and validation.
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Li, S., Jiang, B., Liu, G. et al. Recent progress of particle electrode materials in three-dimensional electrode reactor: synthesis strategy and electrocatalytic applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 11490–11506 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31807-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31807-8