Abstract
In recent years, PbO2 electrodes have received widespread attention due to their high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. However, due to the brittle nature of the plating layer, it is easy to cause the active layer to fall off. Pb2+ will leach out with the electrochemical process causing secondary pollution. The starting point of this study is established to improve the stability and adhesion of the electrode coating. Electrochemical oxidation technology has the characteristics of high treatment efficiency, wide range of applications, and non-polluting environment. In this study, conventional PbO2 electrodes were modified by using co-deposition of ZrO2 nanoparticles. In addition, α-PbO2 was added to increase the stability of the electrodes. At a high current density of 1 A/cm2, the accelerated life of the pure PbO2 electrode is 648 h, the accelerated life of the PbO2-ZrO2 electrode is 1.37 times that of the pure PbO2, and the electrode with an added α-PbO2 layer is 1.69 times that of the pure PbO2 electrode. The amount of dissolved Pb2+ was only 29% of that of pure PbO2. The electrochemical performance of the electrode is evaluated by studying the degradation effect of ceftriaxone sodium (CXM). The addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles alters the particle size and deposition content of PbO2, leading to a unique crystal structure distinct from pure PbO2. Compared to conventional PbO2 electrodes, the PbO2–ZrO2 can remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pollutants more efficiently, removing for 59% increased by 38.47%. Therefore, PbO2–ZrO2 is of great value in the field of electrochemical degradation of industrial pollutants.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL, Beamline BL11U) for providing beam time. Thanks to the Research Center of Analysis and Test of East China University of Science and Technology for the help on material characterization analysis.
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This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778229).
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Binbin Li: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, validation, software, data curation, writing—original draft, writing, and editing. Yuting Zhang: software, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing. Yan Du: software and formal analysis. Danni Li: formal analysis and validation. Anhui Zhou: project administration and resources. Xiang Shao: review and supervision. Limei Cao: supervision and writing—review and editing. Ji Yang: conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, resources, supervision, and writing—review and editing.
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Li, B., Zhang, Y., Du, Y. et al. Robust PbO2 modified by co-deposition of ZrO2 nanoparticles for efficient degradation of ceftriaxone sodium. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 5158–5172 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31390-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31390-y