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Influence of stocking density and environmental factors on the expression of insulin-like growth factors in cage-reared butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus, Bloch 1794) within a large reservoir ecosystem

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Abstract

In vertebrates, insulin-like growth like factors (IGFs) play an important role in growth and other physiological processes. The GH-IGF axis is considered a valuable tool to monitor fish growth performance. Herein, we report the molecular characterization of igf-1, igf-2, and β-actin transcripts and relative expression of igf-1 and igf-2 in the liver and muscle tissue of cage-reared butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus, in response to different stocking densities (T1, 15 fingerlings m−3; T2, 25 fingerlings m−3; and T3, 35 fingerlings m−3) over 180 days of culture duration. The length of the partial amplified transcript sequence of Obigf-1, Obigf-2, and Obβ-actin was 325, 438, and 924 bp, respectively. Phylogenetically, Obigf-1 and Obigf-2 were closely clustered with catfishes, viz., Clarias magur, Bagarius yarrelli, and Silurus asotus. The expression of igf-1 was significantly downregulated in the liver at higher densities after 120 days as biomass in the cages increased, while igf-2 expression did not change with the stocking densities over the culture period. Cortisol concentration was significantly elevated in T3 groups post 150 days of the culture period and correlated negatively with the expression of igf-1 (p < 0.05) and igf-2 (p > 0.05). Environmental parameters, pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, and alkalinity showed a significant positive correlation with hepatic IGF expression. Our study indicates that the liver-derived igf-1 plays a more important role in the regulation of growth in response to culture density in the species studied, and thus, igf-1 can be used effectively as a biomarker for growth. Furthermore, this study will help in planning a proper harvest schedule and optimize the culture practices of O. bimaculatus in an open water cage system.

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All the data are available with the principal investigator of the project and the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi for the funding support. The authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata for his support, guidance and facilitating the research work.

Funding

The study was funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India

    Gunjan Karnatak, Basanta Kumar Das, Mishal Puthiyottil, Manoharmayum Shaya Devi, Bijay Kumar Behera & Suman Kumari

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Prasenjit Paria

  3. Fish Nutritional Physiology Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India

    Manchi Rajesh

  4. ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India

    Uttam Kumar Sarkar

  5. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India

    Virendra Kumar Tiwari & Narinder Kumar Chadha

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Contributions

Gunjan Karnatak: Conceptualization, conduct research experiment, and writing-original draft.

Basanta Kumar Das: Conceptualization, overall supervision, and editing.

Mishal Puthiyottil: Data analysis, interpretation, and editing.

Manoharmayum Shaya Devi: Assistance in sample processing and preparation of original draft.

Prasenjit Paria: Assistance in sample processing and preparation of original draft.

Manchi Rajesh: Designing of gene specific primers and data interpretation.

Uttam Kumar Sarkar: Guidance, correction, and editing.

Bijay Kumar Behera: Guidance, correction, and editing.

Virendra Kumar Tiwari: Guidance, correction, and editing.

Narinder Kumar Chadha: Guidance, correction, and editing.

Suman Kumari: Assistance in cage farm and experiment management at the field.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Basanta Kumar Das.

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The Institute Research Committee (IRC) of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata and Board of Studies, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, considering the animal care and ethical issues approved the research program and sampling methodology.

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Karnatak, G., Das, B.K., Puthiyottil, M. et al. Influence of stocking density and environmental factors on the expression of insulin-like growth factors in cage-reared butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus, Bloch 1794) within a large reservoir ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 123181–123192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30790-4

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