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A critical review on phycoremediation of pollutants from wastewater—a novel algae-based secondary treatment with the opportunities of production of value-added products

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Abstract

Though the biological treatment employing bacterial strains has wide application in effluent treatment plant, it has got several limitations. Researches hence while looking for alternative biological organisms that can be used for secondary treatment came up with the idea of using microalgae. Since then, a large number of microalgal/cyanobacterial strains have been identified that can efficiently remove pollutants from wastewater. Some researchers also found out that the algal biomass not only acts as a carbon sink by taking up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and giving oxygen but also is a renewable source of several value-added products that can be extracted from it for the commercial use. In this work, the cleaning effect of different species of microalgae/cyanobacteria on wastewater from varied sources along with the value-added products obtained from the algal biomass as observed by researchers during the past few years are reviewed. While a number of review works in the field of phycoremediation technology was reported in literature, a comprehensive study on phycoremediation of wastewater from different industries and household individually is limited. In the present review work, the efficiency of diverse microalgal/cyanobacterial strains in treatment of wide range of industrial effluents along with municipal wastewater having multi-pollutants has been critically reviewed.

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Data Availability

Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AS:

Activated sludge

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

BDE:

Biogas digester effluent

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CPCB:

Central pollution control board

DHA:

Docosa-hexanoic acid

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

DMBR:

Dynamic membrane bioreactor

FITR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

HARP:

High rate algal pond

HM:

Heavy metal

HRT:

Hydraulic retention period

IC:

Initial concentration of pollutant

IS:

Inoculum size

MAC1/ MAC2:

Microalgal consortium 2 and 2

OFAT:

One factor at a time

PBR:

Photobiotic reactor

RAB:

Rotating algal bioreactor

RSM:

Response surface methodology

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

STCW:

Synthetic treated wastewater treatment

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

TKN:

Total Kjheldals nitrogen

TN:

Total nitrogen

TOC:

Total organic carbon

TP:

Total phosphorous

TSS:

Total suspended solids

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Acknowledgements

The authors need to express warmest gratitude to the Director of NIT Durgapur and Department of Chemical Engineering for supporting this review work.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Swagata Laxmi Sengupta, Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri & Susmita Dutta

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Susmita Dutta, Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri, and Swagata Laxmi Sengupta. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Swagata Laxmi Sengupta and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Sengupta, S.L., Chaudhuri, R.G. & Dutta, S. A critical review on phycoremediation of pollutants from wastewater—a novel algae-based secondary treatment with the opportunities of production of value-added products. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 114844–114872 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30470-3

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