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Pond ash as a potential material for sustainable geotechnical applications – a review

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Abstract

Energy-harnessing sources significantly influence a country's infrastructure and economic development. Though nuclear and hydel power sources are used for energy harnessing, thermal sources are still the primary power source in India and contribute to 75% of the demand. Thermal power plants exploit large volumes of coal reserves. The combustion of coal leads to 30%-40% of waste ash residues such as Fly ash and Bottom ash. Though Fly ash finds greater applicability, pond ash poses a severe environmental hazard due to its large occupancy of terrain in ash dykes and lagoons. Many research efforts are underway to utilize pond ash in various structural and geotechnical infrastructure projects; however, there are still limitations and apprehensions about its properties and determination. The present study provides a detailed review of the morphological and chemical properties. Further, the geotechnical attributes of pond ash, including strength characteristics, consolidation parameters, and durability aspects, are critically reviewed for the probable application as fill material for backfill and many other applications. Based on the earlier research on pond ash, it could be comprehended that pond ash has wide property variability and finds compatibility with many other pozzolanic admixtures and, in this way, finds broader applicability in geotechnical projects. The way forwards could be a significant step towards cleaner and greener technology.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, SIMATS School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India

    Vilasini Padignarepurakkil Pradhip

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600025, India

    Soundara Balu & Bhuvaneshwari Subramanian

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  1. Vilasini Padignarepurakkil Pradhip
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  2. Soundara Balu
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  3. Bhuvaneshwari Subramanian
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Contributions

Soundara had the idea for the article and drafted the first draft. Vilasini performed the literature search and data analysis. Bhuvaneshwari critically read and revised the work. The authors declare that the contents of this article have not been published previously. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Soundara Balu.

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Pradhip, V.P., Balu, S. & Subramanian, B. Pond ash as a potential material for sustainable geotechnical applications – a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 102083–102103 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29671-7

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