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Electrodialysis as a potential technology for 4-nitrophenol abatement from wastewater

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Abstract

4-Nitrophenol is a widely used emerging pollutant in various industries, including the production of agrochemicals, drugs, and synthetic dyes. Due to its potential environmental harmful effects, there is a need to study its reuse and removal from wastewater. This study used electrodialysis technology to separate 4-nitrophenol ions using a four-compartment stack. The effects of supporting electrolyte concentration, pH, voltages, and current density on the performance of electrodialysis for separating 4-nitrophenol were investigated. A high extraction percentage of 77% was achieved with low energy consumption (107 kWh kg−1) when high 4-nitrophenol flows and transport numbers were reached.

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Data availability

All data availability statement is present within the text of the manuscript.

Abbreviations

\({C}_{4-{NP}^{-}}^{i}\) :

4-NP initial molarity (t = i), mol L−1

\({C}_{4-{NP}^{-}}^{0}\) :

4-NP initial molarity (t = 0), mol L−1

E :

Energy consumption, kWh kg−1

F :

Faraday constant, 96500 C mol−1

i :

Applied current density, A m−2

I :

Electrical current, A

MW 4-NP :

4-NP molecular weight, g mol−1

\({P}_{ext,4-{NP}^{-}}\) :

4-NP extraction per cent, %

N :

Number of cell pairs

η :

Current efficiency, %

\({\overline{R} }_{stack}\) :

The average value of the stack resistance, Ω

S :

Membrane section, m2

t i :

Time of the experiment, s

U :

Cell instant voltage, V

\(\overline{U }\) :

Average voltage, V

V 0 :

Compartment volume at time 0, L

V i :

Compartment volume at the time i, L

\({z}_{{4-NP}^{-}}\) :

4-NP− electrical charge

AEM:

Anion exchange membrane

A-C:

Anode compartment

CC:

Concentrate compartment

CEM:

Cation exchange membrane

C-C:

Cathode compartment

DC:

Dilute compartment

E-Cs:

The electrode or external compartments, A-C and C–C

ECs:

Emerging concern contaminants

ED:

Electrodialysis

I-Cs:

Internal compartments, CC, and DC

IEM:

Ionic exchange membrane

4-NP:

4-Nitrophenol

SE:

Supporting electrolyte

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Eng. Claudio Maitre for his assistance in the measurement of electrical parameters and the cell assembly.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación MinCyT (PICT 2017–4314).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, S3000AOM, Argentina

    Manuel Lopez, Laura María Cornaglia, Laura Beatriz Gutierrez & María Laura Bosko

Authors
  1. Manuel Lopez
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  2. Laura María Cornaglia
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  3. Laura Beatriz Gutierrez
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  4. María Laura Bosko
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Contributions

Mr. Manuel Lopez: data collection and analysis. Dr. Laura M. Cornaglia: writing including reviewing and editing. Dr. Laura B. Gutierrez: conceptualization and writing including reviewing and editing. Dr. M. Laura Bosko: data collection and analysis, conceptualization, methodology, and writing including reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to María Laura Bosko.

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All of the authors have approved the final version to publish this paper.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Weiming Zhang

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Lopez, M., Cornaglia, L.M., Gutierrez, L.B. et al. Electrodialysis as a potential technology for 4-nitrophenol abatement from wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 102198–102211 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29510-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29510-9

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