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The relationship between cadmium exposure and hepatitis B susceptibility and the establishment of its prediction model

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Abstract

Cadmium, a common metal, is an environmental contaminant that is hepatotoxic and immunotoxic. Cadmium exposure may affect hepatitis B immunity. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cadmium exposure and hepatitis B serology in the US population and to develop a model to predict susceptibility of hepatitis B. The study included 50,588 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and dose–response curves were used to evaluate the relationship between cadmium exposure and hepatitis B serology. Through multivariate logistic regression results, a predictive model was established, and relevant indicators were used to verify the clinical value of the model and evaluate prognostic value of serum cadmium concentration in patients with hepatitis B. We selected 5989 (≥ 6 years old) participants. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (aOR = 0.7192, 95% CI = 0.6492–0.7968), age (aOR = 1.030, 95% CI = 1.026–1.033), race (aOR = 0.8974, 95% CI = 0.8591–0.9374), poverty ratio (aOR = 1.042, 95% CI = 0.9872–1.101), body mass index (BMI) (aOR = 1.052, 95% CI = 1.044–1.061), hypertension (aOR = 2.017, 95% CI = 1.763–2.306), diabetes (aOR = 2.673, 95% CI = 2.119–3.370), vigorous recreational activities (aOR = 0.6369, 95% CI = 0.5725–0.7085), moderate recreational activity (aOR = 0.7681, 95% CI = 0.6935–0.8574) and cadmium (aOR = 1.295, 95% CI = 1.168–1.436) were closely related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) susceptibility. After adjusting for these confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of HBV susceptibility was positively correlated with the level of cadmium in serum. The effectiveness of the model was then evaluated by establishing a nomogram, and by calibration curves, ROC curves, and clinical decision curves. Our study shows that cadmium exposure is positively associated with HBV susceptibility risk in the US population, and the constructed model has clinical significance.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Jie Wang, upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81973625).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jiahao Lu, Zhangpeng Shi and Huiqing Hu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200062, China

    Jiahao Lu, Yuejiao Feng, Donghao Tang & Jie Wang

  2. The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230022, China

    Jiahao Lu, Zhangpeng Shi, Yuejiao Feng, Donghao Tang, Huanlong Qin & Jie Wang

  3. Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Zhangpeng Shi & Huanlong Qin

  4. Fuyang Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 236112, China

    Huiqing Hu

  5. Department Surgery, Putuo Hospital, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China

    Dongxiao Shen & Jie Wang

  6. The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 214011, China

    Yiting Zhou

  7. Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Huanlong Qin

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  1. Jiahao Lu
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Contributions

(I) Conception and design: Jiahao Lu, Zhangpeng Shi and Jie Wang.

(II) Administrative support: Huanlong Qin and Jie Wang.

(III) Collection and assembly of data: Dongxiao Shen, Yiting Zhou, Yuejiao Feng and Donghao Tang.

(IV) Data analysis and interpretation: Jiahao Lu, Zhangpeng Shi and Huiqing Hu.

(V) Manuscript writing: All authors.

(VI) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jie Wang.

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Ethical Approval

The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). This study used previously collected deidentified data, which were deemed exempt from review by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Putuo District Central Hospital.

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Consent was given by all the authors.

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Consent was given by all the authors.

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The author reports no conflicts of interest in this work.

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Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Lu, J., Shi, Z., Hu, H. et al. The relationship between cadmium exposure and hepatitis B susceptibility and the establishment of its prediction model. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 95801–95809 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29267-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29267-1

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