Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG), which has great environmental harm and restricts the sustainable development of phosphorus chemical industry, is a solid waste produced in phosphoric acid production. Thermal decomposition of PG is an extensive way to reutilization of resource, and the key point is to establish an appropriate decomposition path and catalyst system of PG. In the work, the strategy for low-temperature and highly-efficient decomposition of PG is established based on the thermodynamic analysis and the experimental research by metal ions to reduce the decomposition temperature. Meanwhile, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) is used to characterize the composition and morphology of PG in the various conditions, also the decomposition temperature is analyzed by TGA(Thermogravimetric Analysis). Then, the decomposition ratio via Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ unitary/ternary catalyst is obtained by precipitation method. Through kinetic analysis combined with XRF(X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer) and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) results, it is found that there is a reaction competition in the decomposition process by Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ ternary catalyst. Further the mechanism of catalytic system on PG is derived. The present work can be concluded that Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ can effectively reduce the decomposition temperature of PG, and the effect of ternary metal is more obvious than that of unitary metal. Finally, pomelo peel is used instead of coke to successfully decompose PG at low temperature by one step method. The establishment of low temperature decomposition system of PG has potential application in phosphorus chemical industry and is in line with sustainable development.
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Acknowledgements
The authors sincere thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions to improve the article quality.
Funding
This work was supported by Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Wengfu (Group) Co., Ltd, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant numbers [YF(2020)022], [SF201906] and [2023YFS0359, 23ZDYF1088]).
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Qin Luo proposed the idea of the research and engaged in experimental research, data analysis, manuscript preparation and revision. Weijun Wang and Boli Zeng mainly engaged in raw material preparation, research and analysis. Qiulin Deng mainly engaged in research idea, manuscript editing, revision work. Huiwei Liao, Hongbin Tan and Faqin Dong conducted the research guidance and revisions. Chenli Luo, Junhong Tu and Liangxian Wu mainly engaged in revision work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Luo, Q., Deng, Q., Liao, H. et al. Low temperature and highly-efficient one-step decomposition of phosphogypsum via biochar by Fe3+/Co2+/Ni2+ unitary/ternary catalyst. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 90787–90798 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28754-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28754-9