Abstract
Ferrous oxalate dihydrate (FOD) can be used as a photo-Fenton catalyst with remarkable photo-Fenton catalytic and photocatalytic performances on organic pollutant degradation. Various reduction processes were compared in the current study to synthesize FODs from ferric oxalate solution utilizing the iron source in alumina waste red mud (RM), including natural light exposure (NL-FOD), UV light irradiation (UV-FOD), and hydroxylamine hydrochloride hydrothermal method (HA-FOD). The FODs were characterized and employed as photo-Fenton catalysts for methylene blue (MB) degradation, and the effects of HA-FOD dosage, H2O2 dosage, MB concentration, and the initial pH were investigated. The results show that HA-FOD has submicron sizes and lower impurity contents with more rapid degradation rates and higher degradation efficiencies compared with the other two FOD products. When using 0.1 g/L of each obtained FOD, 50 mg/L of MB can be rapidly degraded by HA-FOD by 97.64% within 10 min with 20 mg/L of H2O2 at pH of 5.0, while NL-FOD and UV-FOD achieve 95.52% in 30 min and 96.72% in 15 min at the same conditions, respectively. Meanwhile, HA-FOD exhibits strong cyclic stability after two recycling experiments. Scavenger experiments reveal that the predominant reactive oxygen species responsible for MB degradation are hydroxyl radicals. These findings demonstrate that submicron FOD catalyst can be synthesized using hydroxylamine hydrochloride hydrothermal process from ferric oxalate solution with high photo-Fenton degradation efficiency and reduced reaction time for wastewater treatment. The study also provides a new pathway of efficient utilization for RM.
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Abbreviations
- AOPs:
-
Advanced oxidation processes
- ROSs:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- FOD:
-
Ferrous oxalate dihydrate
- RM:
-
Red mud
- NL-FOD:
-
Ferrous oxalate dihydrate obtained under natural light irradiation
- UV-FOD:
-
Ferrous oxalate dihydrate obtained under UV irradiation
- MB:
-
Methylene blue
- HA:
-
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride
- HA-FOD:
-
Ferrous oxalate dihydrate obtained by HA hydrothermal reduction
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Acknowledgements
All authors wish to thank Prof. Wan’s Group for FTIR determination.
Funding
The current research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1812402), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (2021400), and Guizhou Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Project (2021–5641).
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Yuxin Yang: Investigation, resources, data curation, writing—original draft. Ning Wang: Conceptualization, resources, supervision. Hannian Gu: Writing—review and editing, conceptualization, validation, resources, methodology, supervision, funding acquisition.
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Highlights
1. Iron source in waste red mud was reused to synthesize different FOD products.
2. Through HA reduction from ferrioxalate solution to obtain HA-FOD.
3. HA-FOD was synthesized with submicron size and less impurities.
4. HA-FOD presents high efficiency in photocatalysis and photo-Fenton process.
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Yang, Y., Wang, N. & Gu, H. Synthesis of submicron ferrous oxalate from red mud with high Fenton catalytic performance on degradation of methylene blue. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 85210–85222 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28308-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28308-z